干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Oxygen and nitrogen isotopic constraints to the origin of saltpetre in historic gunpowder prevailed during the 19th century in Japan

Arid

DOI	10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.03.026
	Oxygen and nitrogen isotopic constraints to the origin of saltpetre in historic gunpowder prevailed during the 19th century in Japan
	Mizota, Chitoshi; Hosono, Takahiro; Matsunaga, Midori; Yamanaka, Toshiro
通讯作者	Mizota, C
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
ISSN	2352-409X
出版年	2016
卷号	6 页码:547-556
英文摘要	Saltpetre (KNO3) is the major ingredient of gunpowder, which played a driving force in political changes during the late medieval to middle modern times in the world. The intrinsic isotopic parameters of the mineral are useful for elucidating the origin and following its marketing route. Dual isotopic analysis (oxygen together with nitrogen, as expressed by delta O-18 and delta N-15 notations, respectively) was made for nitrates from diverse gunpowder samples which prevailed during the 19th century in Japan. Three distinctive sources which represent Japanese domestic (characterized by low delta O-18-low delta N-15 values), British Indian (characterized by clearly higher delta O-18-higher delta N-15 values) and Atacama Desert nitrates (characterized by very high delta O-18 up to+ 50 parts per thousand-delta N-15= around 0 parts per thousand) were determined by binary plotting. Some samples recovered from portable powder reservoirs for less developed guns tend to exhibit a small shift in delta N-15 value toward a British Indian origin, reflecting the positive mixing of the imported source saltpetre from British Indian during preparation. Very unique gunpowder was discovered from the powder reservoirs for early models of the Enfield rifle in northeastern (Kiyokawa Village and Tsuruoka City in Yamagata Prefecture) and southwestern Japan (Miyoshi City in the inland of Hiroshima Prefecture) and metallic cartridges applicable to Lefaucheux and Smith & Wesson revolvers, all fall close to the alley of nitrates converted from the Atacama Desert nitrate formed by non-mass-dependent fractionation mixed with varying amounts of the British Indian nitrates. The evidence implies the prevalence of a unique marketing route. The saltpetre represents industrial conversion of the Atacama Desert nitratine (NaNO3) by reaction with the mined potassium chloride in the middle 19th to early 20th centuries in Prussia (northern territory of Germany) and Great Britain. Dual isotopic analysis for nitrate in historic gunpowder provides direct evidence for the origin and subsequent marketing route during the 19th century in Japan. Socio-historic consequences of the use of Atacama Desert nitrate in manufacturing the gunpowder are reviewed and discussed, basing on the old documents. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Stable isotopes Gunpowder manufacture Atacama Desert nitrate Prussian saltpetre World-wide marketing
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	Bronze
收录类别	ESCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000415597200053
WOS关键词	NITRATE ; DESERT ; CHILE ; LATE-19TH-CENTURY ; SEAWATER
WOS类目	Archaeology
WOS研究方向	Archaeology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/331965
作者单位	[Mizota, Chitoshi] Iwate Univ, Shirakuchi 1715 2, Kurume, Fukuoka 8300062, Japan; [Hosono, Takahiro] Kumamoto Univ, Prior Org Innovat & Excellence, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan; [Matsunaga, Midori] Kumamoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan; [Yamanaka, Toshiro] Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Kita Ku, 1-1,Naka 3 Chome, Okayama 7008530, Japan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mizota, Chitoshi,Hosono, Takahiro,Matsunaga, Midori,et al. Oxygen and nitrogen isotopic constraints to the origin of saltpetre in historic gunpowder prevailed during the 19th century in Japan[J],2016,6:547-556.
APA	Mizota, Chitoshi,Hosono, Takahiro,Matsunaga, Midori,&Yamanaka, Toshiro.(2016).Oxygen and nitrogen isotopic constraints to the origin of saltpetre in historic gunpowder prevailed during the 19th century in Japan.JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS,6,547-556.
MLA	Mizota, Chitoshi,et al."Oxygen and nitrogen isotopic constraints to the origin of saltpetre in historic gunpowder prevailed during the 19th century in Japan".JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS 6(2016):547-556.