干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Spatial variation of the daytime Surface Urban Cool Island during the dry season in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, from Landsat 8

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DOI	10.1016/j.uclim.2015.09.001
	Spatial variation of the daytime Surface Urban Cool Island during the dry season in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, from Landsat 8
	Rasul, Azad; Balzter, Heiko; Smith, Claire
通讯作者	Rasul, A
来源期刊	URBAN CLIMATE
ISSN	2212-0955
出版年	2015
卷号	14 页码:176-186
英文摘要	Differences between the energy balance of cities and their non-urban surroundings exist due to modification of surface properties. In temperate and sub-tropical climates, these differences are manifest as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. However in more arid environments man-made modifications of the environment can cause urban cooling relative to the surrounding landscape particularly during the dry season. This research examines the spatial formation of the daytime Surface Urban Cool Island (SUCI) effect of Erbil city in Iraq, as a case study of cities in semi-arid climates. Six satellite images acquired by Landsat 8 during the period from 1st July to 19th September 2013 are used to retrieve Land Surface Temperature (LST), identify Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) classes and investigate the spatial variation of LST and the SUCI intensity. In order to find out the key drivers of the observed patterns of LST, the relationship with wetness, brightness, bareness, built-up and vegetation index maps are examined. The results indicate that densely built-up areas, such as central districts of the city, green areas and water bodies, had lower LST acting as cool islands, compared to the non-urbanized area around the city. In contrast, the airport, open spaces and new low-density housing developments on the outskirts of the city, experienced higher LST and showed an SUHI effect. A very strong inverse relationship is evident between surface temperature and wetness index (r = -0.9; p < 0.01). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.75; p < 0.00001) is apparent with the brightness index. In contrast, between surface temperature and the greenness index a moderate negative correlation was found (r = -0.39; p < 0.01) for a typical dry season day. The results show that during the daytime residential areas in the city centre recorded an LST of 46.2 +/- 1.74 degrees C. Urban Cool Island Intensity (UCII) of the city ranged from 3.5 to 4.6 degrees C compared to a 10 kmbuffer zone around the city. This study shows that during the dry season in some cities, such as Erbil, the surface wetness is the main determinant of the UCI effect, and not vegetation cover. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
英文关键词	Surface Urban Cool Island (SUCI) Urban Heat Island (UHI) Urban climate Surface temperature Erbil Remote sensing
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	Other Gold, Green Published
收录类别	ESCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000438443500005
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/331428
作者单位	[Rasul, Azad; Balzter, Heiko; Smith, Claire] Univ Leicester, Ctr Landscape & Climate Res, Dept Geog, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England; [Rasul, Azad] Soran Univ, Dept Geog, Soran, Erbil, Iraq; [Balzter, Heiko] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Rasul, Azad,Balzter, Heiko,Smith, Claire. Spatial variation of the daytime Surface Urban Cool Island during the dry season in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, from Landsat 8[J],2015,14:176-186.
APA	Rasul, Azad,Balzter, Heiko,&Smith, Claire.(2015).Spatial variation of the daytime Surface Urban Cool Island during the dry season in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, from Landsat 8.URBAN CLIMATE,14,176-186.
MLA	Rasul, Azad,et al."Spatial variation of the daytime Surface Urban Cool Island during the dry season in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, from Landsat 8".URBAN CLIMATE 14(2015):176-186.