干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Key Challenges and Opportunities for Conjunctive Management of Surface and Groundwater in Mega-Irrigation Systems: Lower Indus, Pakistan

Arid

DOI	10.3390/resources4040831
	Key Challenges and Opportunities for Conjunctive Management of Surface and Groundwater in Mega-Irrigation Systems: Lower Indus, Pakistan
	van Steenbergen, Frank; Basharat, Muhammad; Lashari, Bakhshal Khan
通讯作者	van Steenbergen, F
来源期刊	RESOURCES-BASEL
ISSN	2079-9276
出版年	2015
卷号	4 期号:4 页码:831-856
英文摘要	This paper focuses on the scope of conjunctive management in the Lower Indus part of the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS), and the contribution this could make towards food security and socio-economic development. The total Gross Command Area (GCA) of the Lower Indus is 5.92 Mha, with a cultivable command area (CCA) of 5.43 Mha, most of which is in Sindh Province. There is a limited use of groundwater in Sindh (about 4.3 Billion Cubic Meter (BCM)) for two reasons: first, there is a large area where groundwater is saline; and second, there is a high surface irrigation supply to most of the canal commands, e.g., average annual supply to rice command is 1723 mm, close to the annual reference crop evapotranspiration for the area, while there is an additional annual rainfall of about 200 mm. These high irrigation allocations, even in areas where groundwater is fresh, create strong disincentives for farmers to use groundwater. Consequently, areas are waterlogged to the extent of 50% and 70% before and after the monsoon, respectively, which contributes to surface salinity through capillary rise. In Sindh, about 74%-80% of the available groundwater recharge is lost in the form of non-beneficial evaporation. This gives rise to low cropping intensities and yields compared to fresh groundwater areas elsewhere in the IBIS. The drought of 1999-2002 has demonstrated a reduction in waterlogging without any corresponding reduction in crop yields. Therefore, in order to efficiently meet current water requirements of all the sectors, i.e., agriculture, domestic and industrial, an ab initio level of water reallocation and efficient water management, with consideration to groundwater quality and its safe yield, in various areas are recommended. This might systematically reduce the waterlogged areas, support greater cropping intensity than is currently being practiced, and free up water for horizontal expansion, such as in the Thar Desert.
英文关键词	conjunctive use IBIS Lower Indus waterlogging salinity water management
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	DOAJ Gold
收录类别	ESCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000214682500007
WOS类目	Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/331030
作者单位	[van Steenbergen, Frank] MetaMeta Res, sHertogenbosch, Netherlands; [Basharat, Muhammad] IWASRI, WAPDA, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; [Lashari, Bakhshal Khan] MUET, Inst Water Resources Engn & Management, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	van Steenbergen, Frank,Basharat, Muhammad,Lashari, Bakhshal Khan. Key Challenges and Opportunities for Conjunctive Management of Surface and Groundwater in Mega-Irrigation Systems: Lower Indus, Pakistan[J],2015,4(4):831-856.
APA	van Steenbergen, Frank,Basharat, Muhammad,&Lashari, Bakhshal Khan.(2015).Key Challenges and Opportunities for Conjunctive Management of Surface and Groundwater in Mega-Irrigation Systems: Lower Indus, Pakistan.RESOURCES-BASEL,4(4),831-856.
MLA	van Steenbergen, Frank,et al."Key Challenges and Opportunities for Conjunctive Management of Surface and Groundwater in Mega-Irrigation Systems: Lower Indus, Pakistan".RESOURCES-BASEL 4.4(2015):831-856.