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DOI	10.1002/pip.3342
	Advancing reliability assessments of photovoltaic modules and materials using combined-accelerated stress testing
	Owen-Bellini, Michael; Hacke, Peter; Miller, David C.; Kempe, Michael D.; Spataru, Sergiu; Tanahashi, Tadanori; Mitterhofer, Stefan; Jankovec, Marko; Topic, Marko
通讯作者	Owen-Bellini, M
来源期刊	PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
ISSN	1062-7995
EISSN	1099-159X
出版年	2021
卷号	29 期号:1 页码:64-82
英文摘要	Previously undiscovered failure modes in photovoltaic (PV) modules continue to emerge in field installations despite passing protocols for design qualification and quality assurance. Failure to detect these modes prior to widespread use could be attributed to the limitations of present-day standard accelerated stress tests (ASTs), which are primarily designed to identify known degradation or failure modes at the time of development by applying simultaneous or sequential stress factors (usually two at most). Here, we introduce an accelerated testing method known as the combined-accelerated stress test (C-AST), which simultaneously combines multiple stress factors of the natural environment. Simultaneous combination of multiple stress factors allows for improved identification of failure modes with better ability to detect modes not known a priori. A demonstration experiment was conducted that reproduced the field-observed cracking of polyamide- (PA-) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based backsheet films, a failure mode that was not detected by current design qualification and quality assurance testing requirements. In this work, a two-phase testing protocol was implemented. The first cycle ("Tropical") is a predominantly high-humidity and high-temperature test designed to replicate harsh tropical climates. The second cycle ("Multi-season") was designed to replicate drier and more temperate conditions found in continental or desert climates. Testing was conducted on 2 x 2-cell crystalline-silicon cell miniature modules constructed with both ultraviolet (UV)-transmitting and UV-blocking encapsulants. Cracking failures were observed within a cumulative 120 days of the Tropical condition for one of the PA-based backsheets and after 84 days of Tropical cycle followed by 42 days of the Multi-season cycle for the PVDF-based backsheet, which are both consistent with failures seen in fielded modules. In addition to backsheet cracking, degradation modes were observed including solder/interconnect fatigue, various light-induced degradation modes, backsheet delamination, discoloration, corrosion, and cell cracking. The ability to simultaneously apply multiple stress factors may allow many of the test sequences within the standardized design qualification procedure to be performed using a single test setup.
英文关键词	accelerated aging backsheet combined stress DuraMAT reliability
类型	Article
语种	英语
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000570234900001
WOS关键词	UV-INDUCED DEGRADATION ; PV MODULES ; BACKSHEETS ; BEHAVIOR ; PERC ; DEFORMATION ; PERFORMANCE ; MECHANISMS ; CORROSION ; FILMS
WOS类目	Energy & Fuels ; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary ; Physics, Applied
WOS研究方向	Energy & Fuels ; Materials Science ; Physics
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/327915
作者单位	[Owen-Bellini, Michael; Hacke, Peter; Miller, David C.; Kempe, Michael D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA; [Spataru, Sergiu] DTU Foton, Frederiksborgvej 399,Bldg 130, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Tanahashi, Tadanori] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Renewable Energy Res Ctr, Fukushima 9630298, Japan; [Mitterhofer, Stefan; Jankovec, Marko; Topic, Marko] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Elect Engn, Trzaska Cesta 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Owen-Bellini, Michael,Hacke, Peter,Miller, David C.,et al. Advancing reliability assessments of photovoltaic modules and materials using combined-accelerated stress testing[J],2021,29(1):64-82.
APA	Owen-Bellini, Michael.,Hacke, Peter.,Miller, David C..,Kempe, Michael D..,Spataru, Sergiu.,...&Topic, Marko.(2021).Advancing reliability assessments of photovoltaic modules and materials using combined-accelerated stress testing.PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS,29(1),64-82.
MLA	Owen-Bellini, Michael,et al."Advancing reliability assessments of photovoltaic modules and materials using combined-accelerated stress testing".PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS 29.1(2021):64-82.