干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Exceptional occurrences of double, triple and quintuple tails in an Australian lizard community, with a review of supernumerary tails in natural populations of reptiles

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	Exceptional occurrences of double, triple and quintuple tails in an Australian lizard community, with a review of supernumerary tails in natural populations of reptiles
	Henle, Klaus; Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret
通讯作者	Henle, K
来源期刊	SALAMANDRA
ISSN	0036-3375
出版年	2020
卷号	56 期号:4 页码:373-391
英文摘要	For centuries, tail duplications in reptiles have attracted human curiosity, and publications on anecdotal observations of supernumerary tails have grown considerably over recent years. However, there is no recent review on the occurrence of supernumerary tails in reptiles and the consequent effects on individuals. We provide new data on the frequency of supernumerary tails, including unprecedented frequencies and observations of tail triplication and quintuplication, from our own studies in arid Australia and from literature reviews. Our observations include data for a gecko species (Gehyra variegata) and three species of skinks (Eremiascincus richardsonii, Lerista punctatovittata, Morethia boulengeri) for which supernumerary tails have not been reported so far. We assume that hyperregeneration (following injuries inflicted by predators, sharp-edged window glass, and unknown factors) was the cause for the cases observed by us. Our review spans two millennia of published works describing supernumerary tails in 146 identified species of reptiles and up to 16 unidentified species. We assess the taxonomic and geographic distributions and the microhabitats of these 146 species, while also commenting on the potential causes and effects of supernumerary tails. The identified species belong to 16 families of lizards, one of amphisbaenians, three of snakes, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), three turtle families, and one family of crocodiles. The geographic patterns of supernumerary tails are difficult to interpret due to an imbalance in published works from the major geographic areas. The vast majority of the species affected have a terrestrial lifestyle, followed by arboreal species. The frequency of supernumerary tails is low, with multiple tails having been reported only for 59 individuals, including our new data. Little is known about the effects of supernumerary tails on their carriers. In our study, there was no indication of them affecting mobility or increasing mortality. Some authors reported handicapped movement, whereas others did not find such effects, and both males and females with tail bifurcation/duplication were able to mate successfully. Most cases of supernumerary tails are likely to be due to hyperregeneration as a reaction to injuries or incomplete breaks of vertebral fracture planes. However, only one study statistically identified the culprits as predatory mammals. In captivity, such injuries were also inflicted through attacks by conspecifics and during copulation. The few cases in natural populations that were not due to hyperregeneration were presumably caused by unknown teratogenic factors to which the individuals were exposed during ontogeny; in one case this was most likely to be radioactive contamination.
英文关键词	Australia Eremiascincus richardsonii Gehyra variegata Lerista punctatovittata Morethia boulengeri Squamata geographic distribution herpetological history individual effects microhabitat tail duplication tail multiplication
类型	Review
语种	英语
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000587498100009
WOS关键词	LIFE-HISTORY ; COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY ; AXIAL BIFURCATION ; CAUDAL AUTOTOMY ; 1ST RECORD ; REGENERATION ; DUPLICATION ; BOULENGERI ; SPHENODON ; BIBRON
WOS类目	Marine & Freshwater Biology ; Zoology
WOS研究方向	Marine & Freshwater Biology ; Zoology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/327404
作者单位	[Henle, Klaus; Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Conservat Biol, Permoserstr 13, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Henle, Klaus,Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret. Exceptional occurrences of double, triple and quintuple tails in an Australian lizard community, with a review of supernumerary tails in natural populations of reptiles[J],2020,56(4):373-391.
APA	Henle, Klaus,&Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret.(2020).Exceptional occurrences of double, triple and quintuple tails in an Australian lizard community, with a review of supernumerary tails in natural populations of reptiles.SALAMANDRA,56(4),373-391.
MLA	Henle, Klaus,et al."Exceptional occurrences of double, triple and quintuple tails in an Australian lizard community, with a review of supernumerary tails in natural populations of reptiles".SALAMANDRA 56.4(2020):373-391.