干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Shrub encroachment creates a dynamic landscape of fear for desert lagomorphs via multiple pathways

Arid

DOI	10.1002/ecs2.3240
	Shrub encroachment creates a dynamic landscape of fear for desert lagomorphs via multiple pathways
	Wagnon, Casey J.; Schooley, Robert L.; Cosentino, Bradley J.
通讯作者	Schooley, RL
来源期刊	ECOSPHERE
ISSN	2150-8925
出版年	2020
卷号	11 期号:9
英文摘要	Shrub encroachment is transforming arid and semiarid grasslands worldwide. Such transitions should influence predator-prey interactions because vegetation cover often affects risk perception by prey and contributes to their landscape of fear. We examined how the landscape of fear of two desert lagomorphs (black-tailed jackrabbit,Lepus californicus; desert cottontail,Sylvilagus audubonii) changes across grassland-to-shrubland gradients at Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research site in the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico. We test whether shrub encroachment shapes risk differently for these two lagomorphs because of differences in body size and predator escape tactics. We also examine whether an ecosystem engineer of grasslands (banner-tailed kangaroo rat,Dipodomys spectabilis) mediates risk perception through the creation of escape refuge and whether trade-offs exist between shrub encroachment and the local reduction of banner-tailed kangaroo rats caused by shrub expansion. We measured perceived predation risk with flight initiation distances (FIDs) and then used structural equation modeling to tease apart the hypothesized direct and indirect pathways for how shrub encroachment could affect perceived risk. A total negative effect of shrub cover on FID was supported for jackrabbits and cottontails, suggesting both species perceive shrubbier habitat as safer. Increases in fine-scale concealment also reduced risk for cottontails, but not jackrabbits, likely because cottontails rely on crypsis to avoid predator detection whereas jackrabbits rely on speed and agility to outrun predators. Perceived risk was reduced when individuals were near kangaroo rat mounds only for cottontails because the smaller species can use banner-tailed kangaroo rat mounds as refuge. Shrub encroachment greatly reduced the availability of mounds. Thus, a trade-off exists for cottontails in which shrub encroachment directly reduced perceived risk, but indirectly increased perceived risk through the local extirpation of an ecosystem engineer. Our work illustrates how the expansion of shrub encroachment can create a dynamic landscape of fear for populations of prey species involving direct and indirect pathways contingent on prey body size, escape tactics, and activities of an ecosystem engineer.
英文关键词	black-tailed jackrabbit Chihuahuan Desert desert cottontail ecosystem engineer flight initiation distance lagomorphs landscape of fear predation risk shrub encroachment Special Feature Dynamic Deserts
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000576968700004
WOS关键词	PREDATION RISK ; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT ; NEW-MEXICO ; GRASS ESTABLISHMENT ; LEPUS-CALIFORNICUS ; TROPHIC CASCADES ; HABITAT USE ; DESERTIFICATION ; DIVERSITY ; DISTURBANCE
WOS类目	Ecology
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/326734
作者单位	[Wagnon, Casey J.; Schooley, Robert L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1102 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; [Cosentino, Bradley J.] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Biol, 300 Pulteney St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wagnon, Casey J.,Schooley, Robert L.,Cosentino, Bradley J.. Shrub encroachment creates a dynamic landscape of fear for desert lagomorphs via multiple pathways[J],2020,11(9).
APA	Wagnon, Casey J.,Schooley, Robert L.,&Cosentino, Bradley J..(2020).Shrub encroachment creates a dynamic landscape of fear for desert lagomorphs via multiple pathways.ECOSPHERE,11(9).
MLA	Wagnon, Casey J.,et al."Shrub encroachment creates a dynamic landscape of fear for desert lagomorphs via multiple pathways".ECOSPHERE 11.9(2020).