干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Frugivory by Coyotes Decreases the Time to Germination and Increases the Growth of Netleaf Hackberry (Celtis reticulata) Seedlings

Arid

DOI	10.3390/f11070727
	Frugivory by Coyotes Decreases the Time to Germination and Increases the Growth of Netleaf Hackberry (Celtis reticulata) Seedlings
	Stevens, Michael T.; Houghton, Sydney; Veltkamp, Hannah A.
通讯作者	Stevens, MT
来源期刊	FORESTS
EISSN	1999-4907
出版年	2020
卷号	11 期号:7
英文摘要	Research Highlights: Frugivory by mammals is a common plant-animal interaction, but additional studies that examine the effects of frugivory on woody plants are needed. We show that ingestion of netleaf hackberry (Celtis reticulataTorr.) fruits by coyotes (Canis latransSay) cuts the time to germination nearly in half and results in seedlings that are taller than the controls. Background and Objectives: Netleaf hackberry is a deciduous shrub to small tree that can be long-lived, but newly established stands are rare. The lack of juvenile hackberry in its native range of southwestern North America could be due to low percentages of germination and seedling survival. We hypothesized that passage through the digestive tract of a coyote would increase the germination and subsequent growth of netleaf hackberry. Materials and Methods: In the Wasatch Mountains of Utah, we collected coyote scats containing visible hackberry fruits and picked fresh fruits from nearby hackberry shrubs. All samples were cleaned and cold-stratified. We sowed 20 seeds from each of the 34 samples into containers in the greenhouse (a total of 680 seeds). We noted the date of emergence and final height of each seedling after 131 days. Results: The germination percentage of the coyote-treatment seeds did not differ from that of the controls. However, the coyote-ingested seeds took just over half as many days to germinate as did the undigested controls (35 days vs. 69 days, respectively;p< 0.001) and the resulting seedlings were 9.5% taller by the end of the growing season (6.4 vs. 5.8 cm, respectively;p< 0.001). Conclusions: Consumption by coyotes can benefit hackberries by enabling their seeds to germinate earlier in the year when conditions are wetter and cooler. The additional time for establishment and growth afforded by frugivory likely increases the fitness of netleaf hackberry seedlings that emerge into the unpredictable conditions of a semi-arid region.
英文关键词	Celtis reticulata coyotes frugivory germination growth hackberries plant-animal interactions seed seedling Wasatch Mountains
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	DOAJ Gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000558249800001
WOS关键词	SEED-DISPERSAL ; PLANT ; ESTABLISHMENT ; SURVIVAL ; ECOLOGY ; BOULDERS ; PATTERNS ; MAMMALS ; RATES
WOS类目	Forestry
WOS研究方向	Forestry
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/325548
作者单位	[Stevens, Michael T.; Houghton, Sydney; Veltkamp, Hannah A.] Utah Valley Univ, Dept Biol, Orem, UT 84058 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Stevens, Michael T.,Houghton, Sydney,Veltkamp, Hannah A.. Frugivory by Coyotes Decreases the Time to Germination and Increases the Growth of Netleaf Hackberry (Celtis reticulata) Seedlings[J],2020,11(7).
APA	Stevens, Michael T.,Houghton, Sydney,&Veltkamp, Hannah A..(2020).Frugivory by Coyotes Decreases the Time to Germination and Increases the Growth of Netleaf Hackberry (Celtis reticulata) Seedlings.FORESTS,11(7).
MLA	Stevens, Michael T.,et al."Frugivory by Coyotes Decreases the Time to Germination and Increases the Growth of Netleaf Hackberry (Celtis reticulata) Seedlings".FORESTS 11.7(2020).