干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Spatio-Temporal Distribution, Ecological Risk Assessment, and Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals in Bathinda District, Punjab, India

Arid

DOI	10.1007/s11270-020-04767-9
	Spatio-Temporal Distribution, Ecological Risk Assessment, and Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals in Bathinda District, Punjab, India
	Ahmad, Naseer; Pandey, Puneeta
通讯作者	Pandey, P
来源期刊	WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
ISSN	0049-6979
EISSN	1573-2932
出版年	2020
卷号	231 期号:8
英文摘要	The pollution of agricultural soil due to heavy metals is a serious environmental problem throughout the world due to their persistence and toxicity. The present study was carried out on agricultural soils of district Bathinda, Punjab where a total of 120 soil samples were collected from 40 different locations during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon season. The total mean concentration of heavy metals (arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb)) was estimated by ThermoScientific-iCAP Qc (Germany) inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentration of heavy metals was of the order of Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Co > As > Pb > Hg > Cd, Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Co > As > Pb > Hg > Cd, and Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Co > Pb > As > Hg > Cd in pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. The metals such as Fe, Zn, Cr, and Ni indicated higher concentrations at most of the sites, whereas Hg and Cd showed lower concentrations throughout the region. The total mean concentrations (mg/kg) of the metals were found to be lower than their natural background concentration values. Based on enrichment factor (EF), the soils were moderately contaminated at most of the sites with a few cases where the soil was minimally enriched with heavy metals. Other pollution indices such pollution load index (PLI) and degree of contamination (C-d) also indicated low to moderate level of soil contamination. Besides, risk assessment of heavy metals was also determined using potential ecological risk factor (E-i) and ecological risk index (R-i) which indicated low E(i)and R(i)in the region for most of the metals. Spatial distribution using interpolation technique, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) in ArcGIS 10.6.1 software, showed a significant spatial and seasonal variability of heavy metals throughout the region. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) between heavy metal variables was found to be significant atp< 0.05 significance level (As-Cr (r = 0.769), As-Fe (r = 0.760), As-Co (r = 0.883), As-Ni (r = 0.886), As-Cu (r = 0.859), As-Hg (r = 0.678) in pre-monsoon samples; As-Fe (r = 0.613), As-Co (r = 0.669), As-Ni (r = 0.619), As-Cu (r = 0.639) in monsoon samples and As-Cr (r = 0.631), As-Fe (r = 0.715), As-Co (r = 0.710), As-Cu (r = 0.690) in post-monsoon samples) indicated a strong relationship between different variables. Principal component analysis (PCA) technique also proved to be significant in studying the behavioral pattern of variables, where PCA biplots showed different behavior as revealed from some strong associations. Finally, continuous monitoring of the sites is suggested to avoid further contamination and degradation of soil quality, despite low contamination levels in the region.
英文关键词	Monsoon Spectrometry Heavy metal Enrichment Pollution Correlation
类型	Article
语种	英语
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000556984100001
WOS关键词	INDUSTRIAL-DEVELOPMENT AREA ; SEDIMENT GEOCHEMICAL DATA ; WATER-QUALITY INDEX ; ARID ZONE SOILS ; HEALTH-RISK ; AGRICULTURAL SOILS ; SURFACE SEDIMENTS ; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT ; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION ; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ; Water Resources
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ; Water Resources
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/325486
作者单位	[Ahmad, Naseer; Pandey, Puneeta] Cent Univ Punjab, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ahmad, Naseer,Pandey, Puneeta. Spatio-Temporal Distribution, Ecological Risk Assessment, and Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals in Bathinda District, Punjab, India[J],2020,231(8).
APA	Ahmad, Naseer,&Pandey, Puneeta.(2020).Spatio-Temporal Distribution, Ecological Risk Assessment, and Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals in Bathinda District, Punjab, India.WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION,231(8).
MLA	Ahmad, Naseer,et al."Spatio-Temporal Distribution, Ecological Risk Assessment, and Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals in Bathinda District, Punjab, India".WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION 231.8(2020).