干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Challenges and opportunities for grain farming on sandy soils of semi-arid south and south-eastern Australia

Arid

DOI	10.1071/SR19161
	Challenges and opportunities for grain farming on sandy soils of semi-arid south and south-eastern Australia
	Unkovich, Murray; McBeath, Therese; Llewellyn, Rick; Hall, James; Gupta, Vadakattu V. S. R.; Macdonald, Lynne M.
通讯作者	Unkovich, M
来源期刊	SOIL RESEARCH
ISSN	1838-675X
EISSN	1838-6768
出版年	2020
卷号	58 期号:4 页码:323-334
英文摘要	Sandy soils make up a substantial fraction of cropping land in low rainfall (<450 mm p.a.) south and south-eastern Australia. In this paper we review the possible soil constraints to increased production on these soils in this region. Many of these soils have a very low (<3%) clay content and suffer from severe water repellency, making crop establishment and weed control problematic. Crops which do emerge are faced with uneven soil wetting and poor access to nutrients, with crop nutrition constraints exacerbated by low fertility (soil organic matter < 1%) and low cation exchange capacity. Zones of high penetration resistance appear common and have multiple causes (natural settling, cementation and traffic induced) which restrict root growth to <40 cm. Crop water use and grain yield are therefore likely to be well below the water-limited potential. Water repellency is readily diagnosed and where apparent should be the primary management target. Repellency can be mitigated through the use of furrow and other sowing technologies, along with soil wetting agents. These techniques appear to be affected by site and soil nuances and need to be refined for local soils and conditions. Once crop establishment on water repellent soils has been optimised, attention could be turned to opportunities for improving crop rooting depth through the use of deep tillage or deep ripping techniques. The required ripping depth, and how long the effects may last, are unclear and need further research, as do the most effective and efficient machinery requirements to achieve sustained deeper root growth. Crop nutrition matched to the water-limited crop yield potential is the third pillar of crop production that needs to be addressed. Low soil organic matter, low cation exchange capacity, low biological activity and limited nutrient cycling perhaps make this a greater challenge than in higher rainfall regions with finer textured soils. Interactions between nutrients in soils and fertilisers are likely to occur and make nutrient management more difficult. While amelioration (elimination) of water repellency is possible through the addition of clay to the soil surface, the opportunities for this may be restricted to the similar to 30% of the sandy soils of the region where clay is readily at hand. The amounts of clay required to eliminate repellency (similar to 5%) are insufficient to significantly improve soil fertility or soil water holding capacity. More revolutionary soil amelioration treatments, involving additions and incorporation of clay and organic matter to soils offer the possibility of a more elevated crop yield plateau. Considerable research would be required to provide predictive capacity with respect to where and when these practices are effective.
英文关键词	crop nutrition deep ripping soil compaction soil fertility water repellency
类型	Review
语种	英语
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000536689000001
WOS关键词	WATER REPELLENT SANDS ; CROPPING SYSTEMS ; ORGANIC-MATTER ; PLANT-GROWTH ; MANAGEMENT ; YIELD ; WHEAT ; FERTILIZERS ; EFFICIENCY ; BREAKDOWN
WOS类目	Soil Science
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
来源机构	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/324579
作者单位	[Unkovich, Murray] Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; [McBeath, Therese; Llewellyn, Rick; Gupta, Vadakattu V. S. R.; Macdonald, Lynne M.] CSIRO Agr & Food, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; [Hall, James] Juliet Creek Consulting Pty Ltd, 33 Melton St, Blackwood, SA 5051, Australia
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Unkovich, Murray,McBeath, Therese,Llewellyn, Rick,et al. Challenges and opportunities for grain farming on sandy soils of semi-arid south and south-eastern Australia[J]. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation,2020,58(4):323-334.
APA	Unkovich, Murray,McBeath, Therese,Llewellyn, Rick,Hall, James,Gupta, Vadakattu V. S. R.,&Macdonald, Lynne M..(2020).Challenges and opportunities for grain farming on sandy soils of semi-arid south and south-eastern Australia.SOIL RESEARCH,58(4),323-334.
MLA	Unkovich, Murray,et al."Challenges and opportunities for grain farming on sandy soils of semi-arid south and south-eastern Australia".SOIL RESEARCH 58.4(2020):323-334.