干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Secular Changes in Atmospheric Turbidity over Iraq and a Possible Link to Military Activity

Arid

DOI	10.3390/rs12091526
	Secular Changes in Atmospheric Turbidity over Iraq and a Possible Link to Military Activity
	Chudnovsky, Alexandra 1; Kostinski, Alexander 2
通讯作者	Chudnovsky, Alexandra
来源期刊	REMOTE SENSING
EISSN	2072-4292
出版年	2020
卷号	12 期号:9
英文摘要	We examine satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) data during the period 2000-2018 over the Middle East to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic pollution. We focus on Iraq, where US troops were present for nearly nine years. We begin with a plausibility argument linking anthropogenic influence and AOD signature. We then calculate the percent change in AOD every two years. To pinpoint the causes for changes in AOD on a spatial basis, we distinguish between synoptically calm periods and those with vigorous synoptic activity. This was done on high-resolution 10 km AOD retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor (Terra satellite). We found spatiotemporal variability in the intensity of the AOD and its standard deviation along the dust-storm corridor during three studied periods: before Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) (1 March 2000-19 March 2003), during OIF (20 March 2003-1 September 2010), and Operation New Dawn (OND; 1 September 2010-18 December 2011), and after the US troops' withdrawal (19 December 2011-31 December 2018). Pixels of military camps and bases, major roads and areas of conflict, and their corresponding AOD values, were selected to study possible effects. We found that winter, with its higher frequency of days with synoptically calm conditions compared to spring and summer, was the best season to quantitatively estimate the impact of these ground-based sources. Surprisingly, an anthropogenic impact on the AOD signature was also visible during vigorous synoptic activity. Meteorological conditions that favor detection of these effects using space imagery are discussed, where the effects are more salient than in surrounding regions with similar meteorological conditions. This exceeds expectations when considering synoptic variations alone.
英文关键词	aerosol aerosol optical depth (AOD) dust storm anthropogenic pollution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue Iraq Middle East
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	Israel ; USA
开放获取类型	Green Published, gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000543394000173
WOS关键词	DUST-STORMS ; MIDDLE-EAST ; DESERT DUST ; AEROSOL ; POLLUTION ; KUWAIT ; TRANSPORT ; IMPACT ; MODIS ; CLIMATOLOGY
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Remote Sensing ; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Geology ; Remote Sensing ; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/319748
作者单位	1.Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Exact Sci, Porter Sch Earth Sci & Environm, Dept Geog & Human Environm, IL-6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel; 2.Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chudnovsky, Alexandra,Kostinski, Alexander. Secular Changes in Atmospheric Turbidity over Iraq and a Possible Link to Military Activity[J],2020,12(9).
APA	Chudnovsky, Alexandra,&Kostinski, Alexander.(2020).Secular Changes in Atmospheric Turbidity over Iraq and a Possible Link to Military Activity.REMOTE SENSING,12(9).
MLA	Chudnovsky, Alexandra,et al."Secular Changes in Atmospheric Turbidity over Iraq and a Possible Link to Military Activity".REMOTE SENSING 12.9(2020).