干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Disassembled Food Webs and Messy Projections: Modern Ungulate Communities in the Face of Unabating Human Population Growth

Arid

DOI	10.3389/fevo.2020.00128
	Disassembled Food Webs and Messy Projections: Modern Ungulate Communities in the Face of Unabating Human Population Growth
	Berger, Joel 1,2; Wangchuk, Tshewang 3,4; Briceno, Cristobal 5; Vila, Alejandro 6; Lambert, Joanna E.7
通讯作者	Berger, Joel ; Vila, Alejandro
来源期刊	FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
ISSN	2296-701X
出版年	2020
卷号	8
英文摘要	The human population grows inexorably. When Charles Darwin explored the southern cone of South America in 1830, fewer than 1.2 billion people inhabited Earth. When Ehrlich'sPopulation Bombappeared in 1968, there were similar to 3.5 billion people. We approach eight billion today, and biospheric impacts do not abate. We have affected most life forms through climate modification, harvest, erasure and fragmentation of habitat, disease, and the casting of alien species. Given the lack of abatement in human population growth, herein we focus on the modalities of ecological disruption-direct and indirect-that mitigate the changing role of ungulates in landscapes. Much of what was once generally predictable in terms of pattern and process is no longer. Offshore climatic events have strong onshore consequences, as exemplified by toxic algal blooms in the Patagonian Pacific. These have diminished the harvest of fish and likely resulted in fishermen using dogs to hunt huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus), the most endangered large terrestrial mammal of the Western Hemisphere. Similarly, human economies foment change in the Himalayan realm and Gobi Desert by increasing the number of cashmere-producing goats, and where dogs that once followed tourists or guarded livestock now hunt a half-dozen threatened, endangered, and rare ungulates, including kiang (Equus kiang), chiru (Pantholops hodgsonii), saiga (Saiga tatarica), and takin (Budorcas taxicolor), spread disease, and displace snow leopards (Panthera uncia). In North America's Great Basin Desert, 100 years of intense livestock grazing created a phase shift by which changed plant communities enabled mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) colonization. An altered predator-prey system ensued with the arrival of pumas (Puma concolor). Patterns of resilience postulated byHolling (1973)become more difficult to witness in the absence of humans as our domination of Earth destabilizes systems beyond return points. These include ungulates both in and out of protected areas. Consequently, only messy projections of future community reorganization seem reasonable, whether related tofood websorassembly rulesthat once governed ungulate communities of the very recent past.
英文关键词	human disturbance trophic relationships apex carnivores mammals endangered species predator prey climate change
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	USA ; Bhutan ; Chile
开放获取类型	gold
收录类别	SCI-E ; SSCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000543894400001
WOS关键词	HUEMUL HIPPOCAMELUS-BISULCUS ; WHITE-TAILED DEER ; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS ; CLIMATE-CHANGE ; NATIONAL-PARK ; TOP-DOWN ; PROTECTED AREAS ; LION PREDATION ; DOMESTIC DOGS ; APPARENT COMPETITION
WOS类目	Ecology
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
来源机构	Colorado State University
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/319538
作者单位	1.Colorado State Univ, Dept FWC Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; 2.Wildlife Conservat Soc Global Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA; 3.Bhutan Fdn, Washington, DC USA; 4.Bhutan Fdn, Thimphu, Bhutan; 5.Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Vet & Pecuarias, Dept Med Prevent Anim, ConserLab, Santiago, Chile; 6.Wildlife Conservat Soc, Chile Program, Punta Arenas, Chile; 7.Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Environm Sci Program, Boulder, CO USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Berger, Joel,Wangchuk, Tshewang,Briceno, Cristobal,et al. Disassembled Food Webs and Messy Projections: Modern Ungulate Communities in the Face of Unabating Human Population Growth[J]. Colorado State University,2020,8.
APA	Berger, Joel,Wangchuk, Tshewang,Briceno, Cristobal,Vila, Alejandro,&Lambert, Joanna E..(2020).Disassembled Food Webs and Messy Projections: Modern Ungulate Communities in the Face of Unabating Human Population Growth.FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION,8.
MLA	Berger, Joel,et al."Disassembled Food Webs and Messy Projections: Modern Ungulate Communities in the Face of Unabating Human Population Growth".FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION 8(2020).