干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 秸秆还田条件下减施氮肥对旱地冬小麦水氮利用、光合及产量的影响

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	秸秆还田条件下减施氮肥对旱地冬小麦水氮利用、光合及产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of Nitrogen Reduction on Water and Nitrogen Utilization, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat in Dry Farmland with Straw Incorporation
	王金金; 刘小利; 刘佩; 石红霞; 黎景来; 宁燕珊; 张鹏; 贾志宽; 任小龙
来源期刊	麦类作物学报
ISSN	1009-1041
出版年	2020
卷号	40 期号:2 页码:210-219
中文摘要	为探究半干旱区秸秆还田后麦田的最适氮肥施用量,以冬小麦品种西农979为研究对象,在前茬玉米秸秆全量还田(9 000 kg·hm~(-2))条件下,设5个施氮水平(N0:0 kg·hm~(-2);N75:75 kg·hm~(-2);N150:150 kg·hm~(-2);N225:225 kg·hm~(-2);N300:300 kg·hm~(-2)),以不施氮(N0)为空白对照,在传统施氮量(300 kg·hm~(-2))基础上,分析了秸秆还田条件下减氮对冬小麦旗叶光合特性、水氮利用、产量及其经济效益的影响。结果表明,小麦的耗水量随着施氮量的增加而增大;水分利用效率呈先增后减趋势,其中N150和N225处理的水分利用效率较高,较传统施氮量(N300)分别增加0.60%和2.71%。开花期旗叶光合能力随施氮量的增加呈先增后减趋势,其中N225处理表现最佳,其胞间CO_2浓度比N300处理降低13.36%,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别提高16.36%、11.81%和18.39%;N0~N150处理的光合性能均显著低于N300处理。与N300处理相比,N225处理产量显著增加,N150处理产量变化不显著,其余处理均显著减产。N225处理的氮肥贡献率最高,较N300处理增加4.95%,N150处理与N300处理差异不显著。N75、N150和N225处理的氮肥偏生产力较N300处理分别提高269.08%、98.25%和35.16%,氮肥农学效率分别提高166.52%、95.74%和42.00%。与N300处理相比,N0和N75处理的经济效益分别减少2 841.44和828.54元·hm~(-2),N150和N225处理分别增加169.20和332.40元·hm~(-2)。综合来看,在旱作秸秆还田条件下,在传统施肥的基础上,适量减少氮肥投入可有效促进冬小麦水氮利用,增强开花期旗叶光合能力,提高籽粒产量和经济效益。在本试验条件下,秸秆全量还田配施氮肥150~225 kg·hm~(-2)的效果较好。
英文摘要	In order to provide a theoretical basis for increasing the yield of local crops and efficient utilization of fertilizer resources, this study explored the optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to the farmland with straw incorporation in semi-arid areas. In this study, Xinong 979 was used as the experimental material. Under the condition of straw incorporation to the field(9 000 kg·hm~(-2)), five kinds of pure nitrogen application levels were set up(N0:0 kg·hm~(-2);N75:75 kg·hm~(-2);N150:150 kg·hm~(-2);N225:225 kg·hm~(-2); N300:300 kg·hm~(-2)). Among them, no nitrogen fertilizer(N0) was used as a blank control. According to the survey on the average amount of fertilizer applied by farmers in the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province,N300 treatment was used as the traditional fertilization amount of farmers. On the basis of traditional fertilization by farmers, the amount of nitrogen applied was reduced to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers applied on the soil moisture, photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves of winter wheat during flowering stage, nitrogen utilization, yield and economic benefits. The results showed that as the amount of nitrogen is increased, the water consumption of each treatment is gradually increased. The grain water use efficiency(WUE) increased at first,and then dcreased with the increase of nitrgen rate.Compared with N300, WUEs under N150 and N225 were higher,and increased by 0.60% and 2.71%, respectively, and WUE under N0 and N75 was decreased by 17.74% and 3.90%(P<0.05), respectively. The photosynthesis ability of the flag leaves under each treatment during flowering stage was increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and that under N225 was the best. Compared with N300, the intercellular CO_2 concentration under N225 was significantly reduced by 13.36%, and the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were significantly increased by 16.36%, 11.81% and 18.39%, respectively. The photosynthetic performance under other treatments were significantly lower than that under N300. For yield and its components, compared with N300, the number of spikes per hectare under N225 decreased significantly by 2.56%(P<0.05); while the number of kernels per spike and 1 000-grain weight increased by 2.48% and 1.35%, respectively, and the final yield increased by 1.36%. The grain yield under N150 was slightly lower than that under N300, but the difference was not significant. Compared with N300, the yield under N0 and N75 decreased significantly by 21.62% and 7.74%(P<0.05). The contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer reached the highest under N225, and increased significantly by 4.95% compared with that under N300. The difference between N150 and N300 was not significant(P<0.05). Compared with N300, the nitrogen partial productivity under N75, N150 and N225 was significantly increased by 269.08%, 98.25% and 35.16%, respectively(P<0.05), and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 166.52%, 95.74% and 42.00%, respectively. Compared with N300, the economic benefits under N0 and N75 reduced by 2 841.44 yuan·hm~(-2) and 828.54 yuan·hm~(-2), respectively, and that under N150 and N225 increased by 169.20 yuan·hm~(-2) and 332.40 yuan·hm~(-2), respectively. Straw incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilizer can improve crop water use efficiency, enhance photosynthetic ability of winter wheat, increase soil nitrogen use efficiency, maintain high yield of crops, and increase economic benefits. Considering comprehensively, the effect of the full amount of straw incorporation to the field with nitrogen fertilizer 150-225 kg·hm~(-2) is better.
中文关键词	冬小麦 ; 施氮量 ; 秸秆还田 ; 水分 ; 光合特性 ; 产量
英文关键词	Winter wheat Amount of nitrogen Straw incorporation Moisture Photosynthetic characteristics Yield
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6676250
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/318464
作者单位	西北农林科技大学农学院/西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院, 农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王金金,刘小利,刘佩,等. 秸秆还田条件下减施氮肥对旱地冬小麦水氮利用、光合及产量的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2020,40(2):210-219.
APA	王金金.,刘小利.,刘佩.,石红霞.,黎景来.,...&任小龙.(2020).秸秆还田条件下减施氮肥对旱地冬小麦水氮利用、光合及产量的影响.麦类作物学报,40(2),210-219.
MLA	王金金,et al."秸秆还田条件下减施氮肥对旱地冬小麦水氮利用、光合及产量的影响".麦类作物学报 40.2(2020):210-219.