干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 走出马尔萨斯陷阱:人口压力与沙漠化的关系

Arid

	走出马尔萨斯陷阱:人口压力与沙漠化的关系
其他题名	Out of the Malthusian trap: The relationship between population pressure and desertification
	樊胜岳; 周宁; 刘文文
来源期刊	干旱区地理
ISSN	1000-6060
出版年	2020
卷号	43 期号:1 页码:218-226
中文摘要	自1798年马尔萨斯人口原理提出以来,人口压力与自然环境之间的关系就备受关注,根据马尔萨斯人口原理,人地关系存在不可调和的矛盾,当食物难以满足人类生存需要,自然达到对人口规模的承载极限时,过剩的人口将会走向消亡。然而根据史实研究,发现马尔萨斯的人口原理存在一定谬误,人口容量与环境质量并不一定是反向关系。以内蒙古自治区县域面板数据为基础,将人口压力分解为粮食压力和致富压力,考察1990-2010年人口压力对68个沙漠化县沙漠化地区发展变化的作用机制。结果表明:在观测数据范围内,人口压力与沙漠化有紧密联系,2000年前,人口压力不断增加,显著促进了沙漠化扩张,2000年后人口压力通过地域转嫁等方式不断降低,该区的沙漠化程度得到有效缓解;此外,研究还显示内蒙古人口压力对沙漠化的作用呈现明显时空差异。在此基础上本文还对当前如何跳出马尔萨斯陷阱、释放人口压力做出了猜想。
英文摘要	The Malthus population principle,which believes the mass population must lead to the population pressure, and leads to the fragility of the ecosystem, has some fallacies. In fact, with the progress of society and the development of economy,the problem of hunger has been solved,and the bearing capacity of nature has been strengthened. With the increase of population, population pressure does not necessarily increase, but may decline. Therefore, the relationship between population capacity and environmental quality is not necessarily reverse. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China is situated between 37°24' -53°23' N and 97°12' - 126°04'E,with a total area of 1.183 million square kilometers. The terrain slopes from northeast to southwest in a narrow and long shape. In recent years,with the degradation of meadow and farmland caused by overgrazing and cultivation,the relationship between human and land has become more and more tension in desertification areas,which shows a trend of excessive pressure on the utilization of natural resources and environmental carrying capacity. Desertification is an important problem in the sustainable development of ecological environment and social economy in northern China. There are many research results on this problem, but there are few innovations in the study of the causes of desertification. Referenced the principle of Malthus population,this paper constructed a model from the root of desertification and a model from the causes of desertification which took the population pressure into the research innovatively based on the county panel data of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. This paper analyzed the quantitative relationship between population pressure and the development and reversal of desertification,and investigated the mechanism of population pressure on the development and change of desertification areas in 68 desertification counties (banners) from 1990 to 2010. In this paper, the population pressure was divided into grain pressure and enrichment pressure, and 68 counties in Inner Mongolia were divided into eastern,central and western regions,and two virtual variables were introduced. Based on them, we investigated the difference of the effect of population pressure on desertification in different regions. It is found that within the range of observed data, population pressure is closely related to the development and change of local desertification. Before 2000,the population pressure increased continuously,which significantly promoted the expansion of desertification. Since 2000,the population pressure has been continuously reduced through regional transfer, and the desertification in this area has been effectively alleviated. The study also showed that the effect of population pressure on desertification in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region shows obvious temporal and spatial differences. Through the research, we think that the population pressure is the main cause of desertification. The last part of the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to jump out of the Malthus trap at present. In this paper, the theory of population pressure is applied to the field of desertification research, and the internal force is detected to explain the causes and changes of desertification,which could provide a new perspective for the future research on desertification.
中文关键词	人口压力 ; 马尔萨斯陷阱 ; 沙漠化 ; 虚拟土地 ; 舒尔茨人力资本
英文关键词	population pressure Malthus trap desertification virtual land Schultz human capital
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6675058
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/318357
作者单位	中央民族大学经济学院, 北京 100081, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	樊胜岳,周宁,刘文文. 走出马尔萨斯陷阱:人口压力与沙漠化的关系[J],2020,43(1):218-226.
APA	樊胜岳,周宁,&刘文文.(2020).走出马尔萨斯陷阱:人口压力与沙漠化的关系.干旱区地理,43(1),218-226.
MLA	樊胜岳,et al."走出马尔萨斯陷阱:人口压力与沙漠化的关系".干旱区地理 43.1(2020):218-226.