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	施氮对土壤矿质氮、小麦氮素吸收及产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of Nitrogen Application on Soil Mineral Nitrogen,N Uptake of Wheat and Yield
	杨显梅 1; 李广 1; 闫丽娟 2; 陈国鹏 1; 马维伟 1
来源期刊	分子植物育种
ISSN	1672-416X
出版年	2019
卷号	17 期号:23 页码:7942-7948
中文摘要	为明确施氮量及施氮时间对小麦各生育时期土壤矿质氮含量、植株氮素积累量及产量的影响。在陇中黄土高原地区,于春小麦两个关键生育期(拔节期,开花期)进行大田施氮试验。结果表明:施氮处理的土壤矿质氮含量显著大于未施氮处理,其中施氮处理0~20 cm土层矿质氮含量显著高于20~40 cm;拔节期施氮肥能够显著提高开花期0~20 cm层土壤铵态氮含量和0~40 cm层土壤硝态氮含量;施氮条件下成熟期同一土层铵态氮含量在不同处理间差异不显著,硝态氮含量随施氮量的增加而增加,相同施氮量下开花期施氮硝态氮含量大于拔节期施氮。成熟前植株氮素积累量总体随生育期逐渐升高,适量追氮(40 kg/hm~2)可以显著增加当下生育时期内植株氮素积累量,追氮90 kg/hm~2后灌浆期植株氮素积累量增速减缓,成熟期植株氮素积累量出现小幅下降趋势。拔节期追氮40 kg/hm~2较未施氮和追氮90 kg/hm~2籽粒产量分别增加70.6%、23.5%,拔节期追氮40 kg/hm~2较追氮90 kg/hm~2氮肥吸收利用率增加28.0%,追氮40 kg/hm~2条件下,拔节期较开花期施氮籽粒产量和氮肥吸收利用率分别增加24.4%、18.6%。在基施氮肥62.5 kg/hm~2基础上,春小麦生产过程中宜选择拔节期追氮,追氮量宜控制在40~90 kg/hm~2。本研究为半干旱区春小麦科学施肥提供了参考依据。
英文摘要	In order to determine the effect of nitrogen rate and nitrogen application time on soil mineral nitrogen content,the amount of N accumulated in wheat plant at different growth stages and yield.We carried out a field experiment on nitrogen application in two critical periods of spring wheat (jointing stage,flowering stage) in the middle Gansu region of Loess Plateau.The results showed that mineral nitrogen content of all N treatments was significantly greater than that without N treatment,mineral nitrogen content of N treatments in 0~20 cm soil layer was significantly higher than 20~40 cm;nitrogen application at jointing stage could significantly increase the NH_4~+-N content in the 0~20 cm layer and the NO_3~- -N content in the 0~40 cm layer at flowering stage;at maturity stage,under nitrogen application condition,in the same soil layer,there was no significant difference in the NH_4~+-N content.The NO_3~- -N content increased with increasing nitrogen application rate,and the NO_3~- -N content of nitrogen application at flowering stage was higher than that at the jointing stage under the same nitrogen application rate.The amount of N accumulated in wheat plant before maturity increased gradually with the growth stage,appropriate amount of nitrogen topdressing (40 kg/hm~2) can significantly increase wheat nitrogen accumulation in the current growth stage,after nitrogen topdressing 90 kg/hm~2,the speed of wheat nitrogen accumulation slowed down at filling stage,wheat nitrogen accumulation showed a slight downward trend at maturity stage.Compared with no-nitrogen application and nitrogen topdressing 90 kg/hm~2,the grain yield of nitrogen topdressing 40 kg/hm~2 at jointing stage increased by 70.6% and 23.5% respectively,compared with nitrogen topdressing 90 kg/hm~2,the nitrogen recovery efficiency of nitrogen topdressing 40 kg/hm~2 at jointing stage increased by 28.0%,under the condition of nitrogen topdressing 40 kg/hm~2,compared with flowering stage,the grain yield and the nitrogen recovery efficiency of nitrogen application at jointing stage increased by 24.4% and 18.6% respectively.Based on base nitrogen fertilizer 62.5 kg/hm~2,in the process of spring wheat production,it is advisable to apply nitrogen at the jointing stage,and the nitrogen topdressing rate should be controlled from 40 to 90 kg/hm~2.This study provides a reference for scientific fertilization of spring wheat in the semi-arid region.
中文关键词	施氮 ; 春小麦(Triticum aestivum) ; 矿质氮 ; 氮素吸收
英文关键词	Nitrogen application Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) Mineral nitrogen N uptake of wheat
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6635256
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/316278
作者单位	1.甘肃农业大学林学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 2.甘肃农业大学农学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨显梅,李广,闫丽娟,等. 施氮对土壤矿质氮、小麦氮素吸收及产量的影响[J],2019,17(23):7942-7948.
APA	杨显梅,李广,闫丽娟,陈国鹏,&马维伟.(2019).施氮对土壤矿质氮、小麦氮素吸收及产量的影响.分子植物育种,17(23),7942-7948.
MLA	杨显梅,et al."施氮对土壤矿质氮、小麦氮素吸收及产量的影响".分子植物育种 17.23(2019):7942-7948.