干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 秸秆带状沟覆垄播对旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响

Arid

	秸秆带状沟覆垄播对旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响
其他题名	Effects of straw strip mulching on furrows and planting in ridges on water use efficiency and tuber yield in dryland potato
	陈玉章 1; 田慧慧 2; 李亚伟 2; 柴雨葳 2; 李瑞 2; 程宏波 3; 常磊 2; 柴守玺 2
来源期刊	作物学报
ISSN	0496-3490
出版年	2019
卷号	45 期号:5 页码:714-727
中文摘要	为探明西北半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)生产中沟垄不同覆盖种植方式的增产效果和水分利用特点,在2016年和2017年设置了大田试验,包括秸秆带状沟覆宽垄种植、秸秆带状沟覆微垄种植、全覆膜沟垄种植和露地平作4个处理。结果表明,在干旱年份(2016年),沟垄覆盖种植可显著降低马铃薯全生育期耗水量6.1%~13.2%,平均提高块茎形成期1.2~1.8 m土层含水量7.6%,全覆膜沟垄作可显著提高淀粉积累期0~0.2 m土壤含水量30.3%。在平水年份(2017年),除全覆膜沟垄种植显著降低马铃薯全生育期耗水量22.2%外,其余处理与露地平作无显著差异;沟垄覆盖种植0~2 m土壤含水量在马铃薯块茎形成期、块茎膨大期和淀粉积累期分别平均比露地平作高8.7%、13.0%和13.1%。与露地平作相比, 2个生长季沟垄覆盖种植可使马铃薯全生育期0~2 m土壤平均贮水量提高5.4%~15.5%,单株生物量增加12.8%~147.4%,成熟期株高增加21.1~39.7 cm,进而马铃薯增产51.6%~88.2%,水分利用效率提高68.2%~111.7%。以玉米秸秆带状沟覆微垄种植增产增效最显著, 2年平均产量、水分利用效率和纯经济收益分别较露地平作提高87.8%、97.5%和254.2%。因此,玉米秸秆带状沟覆微垄种植能显著提高马铃薯产量和水分利用效率。此外,与全覆膜沟垄种植相比,秸秆带状沟覆微垄种植具有操作简单、无污染、投入产出比高等优点,适宜在西北半干旱区马铃薯生产中应用。
英文摘要	Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different mulching materials and ridge-furrow widths on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth, tuber yield, soil moisture and water use efficiency in a semiarid rain-fed ecosystem in northwest China in 2016 and 2017. Four treatments were performed: (1) alternating narrow furrows and wide ridges with corn straw strip mulching only on narrow furrows and planting in the wide ridges (RFWN); (2) alternating micro-ridge-furrows with corn straw strip mulching only on furrows and planting in the ridges (RFN); (3) alternating small and large ridges full mulching with black plastic film and planting in the large ridges (RFB), and (4) traditional-flat planting without mulching (CK). Compared with CK, mulching treatments significantly decreased total evapotranspiration by 6.1%-13.2%, increased average soil water content (1.2-1.8 m depth) by 7.6% at tuber initiation stage, and RFB treatment significantly increased soil water content (0-0.2 m) by 30.3% at starch accumulation stage in the dry year of 2016. In the normal precipitation year of 2017, the total evapotranspiration in RFB was 22.2% lower than that in CK, and there was no significant difference in total evapotranspiration observed among the RFWN, RFN and CK treatments. The average soil water content (0-2 m depth) in mulching treatments was 8.7%, 13.0%, and 13.1% higher than that in CK, respectively, at tuber initiation, tuber bulking and starch accumulation stage in 2017. Compared with CK, mulching treatments significantly increased soil water storage (0-2 m), weight of dry matter per plant and final plant height by 5.4%-15.5%, 12.8%-147.4%, and 21.1-39.7 cm, respectively, and thus enhanced tuber yield and water use efficiency by 51.6%-88.2% and 68.2%-111.7% in both years, respectively. The tuber yield, water use efficiency and net income for RFN treatment was the highest increasing on average by 87.8%, 97.5%, and 254.2%, respectively, in both years. In addition, RFN had the advantages of simple operation, the environmentally friendly and the highest input/output ratio compared with the treatment of plastic film mulching. Hence, RFN is the best cultivation model for dryland potato.
中文关键词	沟垄作 ; 覆膜 ; 秸秆带状沟覆 ; 旱作马铃薯 ; 产量 ; 水分利用效率
英文关键词	ridges-furrows culture plastic film mulching straw strip mulching only on furrows dryland potato tuber yield water use efficiency
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6483329
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/316246
作者单位	1.甘肃农业大学农学院;;毕节市农业科学研究所, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室;;, 兰州;;毕节, 甘肃;;贵州 730070;;551700, 中国; 2.甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 3.甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈玉章,田慧慧,李亚伟,等. 秸秆带状沟覆垄播对旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2019,45(5):714-727.
APA	陈玉章.,田慧慧.,李亚伟.,柴雨葳.,李瑞.,...&柴守玺.(2019).秸秆带状沟覆垄播对旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响.作物学报,45(5),714-727.
MLA	陈玉章,et al."秸秆带状沟覆垄播对旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响".作物学报 45.5(2019):714-727.