干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 玉米免耕留膜可减少后茬轮作春小麦水氮用量

Arid

	玉米免耕留膜可减少后茬轮作春小麦水氮用量
其他题名	Reuse of plastic film by spring wheat after no-tillage maize can reduce water and nitrogen input
	郭瑶; 陈桂平; 王巧梅; 殷文; 樊志龙; 胡发龙; 范虹; 赵财; 于爱忠; 柴强
来源期刊	植物营养与肥料学报
ISSN	1008-505X
出版年	2019
卷号	25 期号:10 页码:1679-1689
中文摘要	【目的】河西绿洲灌区玉米普遍采用地膜覆盖措施,其收获后地膜的完整率仍高达70%。研究后茬小麦继续利用该地膜条件下相适应的水氮耦合管理,以期最大化发挥农资的效益,提高小麦产量和氮肥利用率。【方法】20162017年度,在甘肃河西绿洲灌区玉米-小麦轮作田进行三因素裂区田间试验。选择头茬玉米进行免耕(NT)和传统耕作(CT)的田块,在后茬小麦播种时,保留免耕玉米的覆盖地膜,免耕进行小麦播种,而在传统耕作玉米地块,清理残膜,粉碎后翻入土壤中。在两种耕作处理方式下,设传统灌水减量20% (1920 m~3/hm~2,I1)和传统灌水量2400 m~3/hm~2 (I2)两个灌溉处理,传统施氮减量40% (135 kg/hm~2,N1)、传统施氮减量20% (180 kg/hm~2,N2)与传统施氮225 kg/hm~2 (N3)三个施氮水平,组成12个处理。从春小麦出苗20 d后,每15 d采集植株样,测定各器官含氮量,计算营养器官的氮素转运量、转运率、营养器官氮素转运对籽粒贡献率及氮素收获指数。【结果】与传统耕作相比,免耕留膜各处理显著提高了春小麦地上部氮素累积量,两年提高10.9%~14.2%。灌水减量20%+施氮减量20%处理提高了春小麦地上部氮素累积量,较传统耕作、灌水与施氮处理提高4.3%~6.1%。免耕较传统耕作提高了春小麦叶、茎营养器官氮素向穗部的转运量、转运率及对籽粒的贡献率,以免耕同步集成减量20%灌水+减量20%施氮(NTI1N2)处理提高幅度较大,较灌水减量20%+施氮减量40% (CTI1N3)处理叶、茎氮素向穗部的转运量分别提高31.9%~45.7%与54.5%~61.5%,转运率分别提高15.5%~16.3%与20.8%~23.1%,对籽粒的贡献率分别提高13.3%~29.0%与26.4%~36.7%。NTI1N2处理可获得较高籽粒产量与氮素收获指数,较CTI2N3处理分别提高15.2%~22.0%与7.6%~10.0%。【结论】在玉米-小麦轮作体系下,前茬免耕玉米覆盖的地膜对后茬小麦生长依然有显著效果。而且,此时减少20%的常规灌水量和常规施氮量,可以获得更高的产量和氮肥利用率。因此,在河西绿洲灌区小麦-玉米轮作体系中,应推广玉米收获后采用免耕,并在后茬小麦继续使用覆盖的地膜,同时减少20%的灌水量和氮肥施用量。
英文摘要	【Objectives】In the irrigated area of Hexi Oasis regions,maize and wheat rotation is common,and plastic film mulching is a standard practice for maize production.After harvest of maize,as high as 70% of the mulched film is still in good condition.This paper studied the effect of remained film on the following wheat production,and the suitable irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rate,in order to make full use of the production materials and to increase the yield and nitrogen efficiencies of wheat.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in Hexi Oasis irrigation region.In the rotation system,no-tillage and conventional tillage were used in maize cultivation.In the no-tillage maize field,the remained films were kept used in following wheat production(NT),and in the conventional tillage field,the films were cleared away,and meshed and ploughed into soil (CT).For wheat,two irrigation amounts of reducing 20% of irrigation (I1) and conventional 2400 m~3/hm~2 (I2),and three nitrogen rates of reducing 40% nitrogen (135 kg/hm~2,N1),reducing 20% nitrogen (180 kg/hm~2,N2) and conventional nitrogen (225 kg/hm~2,N3) were setup.Since the 20th day after germination,wheat plant samples were collected every 15 days,and the nitrogen contents were determined.The accumulation and distribution of nitrogen in different organs of spring wheat plants were calculated.【Results】The nitrogen accumulation in aboveground of spring wheat in the treatments under NT were 10.9%-14.2% higher than those in treatments under CT.The I1N2 treatments under NT achieved the highest nitrogen accumulation in aboveground of spring wheat,which were 4.3%-6.1% higher than that in the I2N3 under CT.Across the two studies years,the amount and rate of nitrogen translocation and the contribution rate from leaf and stem to grain after anthesis were significantly higher in treatments under NT than under CT.Under NT,the treatment of I1N2 achieved the highest increase in the above three indexes.Compared with I1N3 under CT,the nitrogen translocation amount in leaves and stems were increased by 31.9%-45.7% and 54.5%-61.5%,the nitrogen translocation rate increase by 15.5%-16.3% and 20.8%-23.1%,and the nitrogen contribution rate to grain yield by 13.3%-29.0% and 26.4%-36.7%.Therefore,I1N2 treatment under NT obtained greater grain yield and harvest index by 15.2%-22.0% and 7.6%-10.0% than those of I2N3 treatment under CT.【Conclusions】In the maize/wheat rotation system,keeping use of the remained films in maize production still performs well in the following wheat production.Furthermore,reducing 20% from the conventional irrigation amount and nitrogen fertilizer input will achieve higher yield and nitrogen use efficiency.Therefore,the technology system should be promoted in Hexi Oasis regions,that means in film mulching field of maize production,the film should be reused for the following wheat production,and combined with 1920 m~3/hm~2 of total irrigation and 180 kg/hm~2 of total nitrogen input.
中文关键词	免耕 ; 轮作 ; 水氮耦合 ; 氮素累积与分配 ; 作物生产力
英文关键词	no-tillage rotation water-nitrogen coupling nitrogen accumulation and distribution crop productivity
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6600949
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/315948
作者单位	甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	郭瑶,陈桂平,王巧梅,等. 玉米免耕留膜可减少后茬轮作春小麦水氮用量[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2019,25(10):1679-1689.
APA	郭瑶.,陈桂平.,王巧梅.,殷文.,樊志龙.,...&柴强.(2019).玉米免耕留膜可减少后茬轮作春小麦水氮用量.植物营养与肥料学报,25(10),1679-1689.
MLA	郭瑶,et al."玉米免耕留膜可减少后茬轮作春小麦水氮用量".植物营养与肥料学报 25.10(2019):1679-1689.