干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 新疆塔里木河流域水系连通与生态保护对策研究

Arid

	新疆塔里木河流域水系连通与生态保护对策研究
其他题名	Study on Water System Connectivity and Ecological Protection Countermeasures of Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang
	陈亚宁; 郝兴明; 陈亚鹏; 朱成刚
来源期刊	中国科学院院刊
ISSN	1000-3045
出版年	2019
卷号	34 期号:10 页码:1156-1164
中文摘要	塔里木河是我国最大的内陆河,由九源一干144条河流水系构成。目前仅阿克苏河、和田河、叶尔羌河以及开都孔雀河与塔里木河干流有地表水力联系。流域内水系连通与生态保护问题十分突出,断流河道下游成为过去30年塔里木河流域生态退化最为严重区域。文章结合实地调研和样地调查,系统分析了塔里木河流域水系连通存在的问题,指出流域水系连通性差,抵御极端气候水文事件的能力不足;耕地面积不断扩大,农业用水比例过高,严重挤占了生态用水,导致河道断流,河流肢解,流域水系统完整性被破坏;地下水超采引起地下水位大幅下降,地表生态过程受损,生态隐忧凸显。针对此提出:(1)从机制、体制上推动和实现塔里木河流域水资源科学管理,将断流的5源流纳入塔里木河流域管理局统一管理;(2)科学确定绿洲适宜规模,退耕还水,以水定地、以水定发展;(3)实施流域地表水、地下水统一管理,提升流域水资源监控与综合调度管控能力。
英文摘要	The Tarim River is the largest inland river in China, and had historically nine river systems and one main stream with 144 rivers. At present, only the Aksu River, the Hetian River, the Yarkant River, and the Kaidu-Kongque River have surface hydraulic connections with the main stream of the Tarim River. The connectivity of river systems and ecological protection in the Tarim River Basin are very prominent. In the past 30 years, the downstream of the cut-off river has become the most serious area of ecological degradation in the Tarim River Basin. Based on field investigation and sample pilot survey, this paper systematically analyzes the problems existing in the river system connectivity of the Tarim River Basin, and points out that the connectivity of the river system is poor and the ability to withstand extreme climatic hydrological events is insufficient. The area of cultivated land continues to expand, and the proportion of agricultural water use is too high, which strongly occupies the ecological water use, leading to the cutoff of river channels, dismember of rivers, and damage to the integrity of river basin water system. The groundwater overexploitation causes the groundwater level to drop sharply, the surface ecology process is damaged, and the ecology hidden worry is prominent. In view of this, the following points are put forward: (1) promote and realize scientific management of water resources in Tarim River Basin from mechanism and system. Brought the five source streams that have been cut off into the unified management of the Tarim River Basin Authority; (2) determine the appropriate scale of oasis scientifically, and determine the cultivated area and scale of economic development by water resource; (3) implement unified management of surface water and groundwater, and improve the capacity of the monitoring and comprehensive control of water resources in the river basins.
中文关键词	内陆河 ; 水系连通 ; 断流河道 ; 生态受损 ; 塔里木河
英文关键词	inland river water system connected cut off river ecological damage Tarim River Basin
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENGINEERING MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Engineering
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6597374
来源机构	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/315824
作者单位	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所;;中国科学院大学, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室;;, 乌鲁木齐;;, ;;北京 830011;;100049
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈亚宁,郝兴明,陈亚鹏,等. 新疆塔里木河流域水系连通与生态保护对策研究[J]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2019,34(10):1156-1164.
APA	陈亚宁,郝兴明,陈亚鹏,&朱成刚.(2019).新疆塔里木河流域水系连通与生态保护对策研究.中国科学院院刊,34(10),1156-1164.
MLA	陈亚宁,et al."新疆塔里木河流域水系连通与生态保护对策研究".中国科学院院刊 34.10(2019):1156-1164.