干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 施氮量对荒漠区蛇龙珠'葡萄叶片质量的影响

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	施氮量对荒漠区蛇龙珠'葡萄叶片质量的影响
其他题名	Effects of nitrogen application rates on the leaf qualityofCabernet Gernischet'in desert areas
	宁改星 1; 马宗桓 1; 毛娟 1; 李文芳 1; 王颖 1; 胡紫璟 1; 史星雲 2; 陈佰鸿 1
来源期刊	果树学报
ISSN	1009-9980
出版年	2019
卷号	36 期号:9 页码:1150-1160
中文摘要	【目的】探讨干旱荒漠区滴灌条件下尿素施入量对葡萄叶片氮素代谢和果实发育的影响,为合理施用氮肥和提高氮素利用率提供科学依据。【方法】本试验以10 a(年)生蛇龙珠'(Vitis vinifera L.cv. Cabernet Gernischet)为材料,分别施入尿素0 kg·hm~(-2)(CK)、150 kg·hm~(-2)(N1)、300 kg·hm~(-2)(N2)、450 kg·hm~(-2)(N3)和600 kg·hm~(-2)(N4),测定了不同发育时期叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、叶面积、净光合速率(P_n)、全氮与可溶性蛋白含量、氮代谢关键酶活性与相关基因表达水平、以及果实品质相关指标。【结果】施氮处理显著提高了叶片净光合速率,N2处理较对照促进叶面积增加,同时显著提高了花前5 d、花后50 d和80 d叶片全氮含量。在0~300 kg的施氮范围内,叶片的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性随着施氮量的增加而升高,N2处理能够显著提高叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性,N2和N3处理能显著提高整个生育期叶片谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性。花前5 d、花后20 d和80 d,N2处理VvNR1表达水平显著高于对照和其他施氮处理。花前5 d,N1和N2处理VvGS1明显上调表达,分别较对照上调142.33%和283.47%。施氮后VvGDH1在整个生育期均上调表达。N2处理果实可溶性糖、糖酸比、单宁、花青素均达到最大值,可滴定酸含量最小,产量居于中等水平。【结论】不同施氮量影响叶片VvNR1、VvGS1、VvGOGAT1和VvGDH1基因的表达,从而改善叶片氮代谢水平,N_2处理有利于葡萄生育后期叶片中氮素的积累,同时促进叶片生长和净光合速率的增加,提高了果实品质。
英文摘要	【Objective】As an essential mineral element in plant growth and development, nitrogen has irreplaceable roles in organ construction, nutritive metabolism, biochemical processes as well as fruit yield and quality. The quality and yield of grapes are greatly influenced by the amount of nitrogen applied. In recent years, the industry of China's wine grape has developed rapidly, but there are problems with unreasonable fertilization in production. The Gansu Corridor has the climatic conditions and geographical resources suitable for producing high- quality wine grapes. However, wine grapes are extensively planted on a sandy loam soil with low organic matter. In the actual production, chemical fertilizers are often applied to ensure the normal growth and development of the grapes. At the same time, watersaving agriculture has become the demand for agricultural development in this area. The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates on key enzyme activities and related gene expression during nitrogen metabolism, so as to further provide a theoretical reference for the application of nitrogen in wine grape growing in the Gansu Corridor【. Methods】The experiment was carried out in a 10-year-oldCabernet Gernischet'vineyard of the Mo Gao located in Wuwei City from 2014 to 2015. All the grapevines were planted from west to east with simple hedge-shape. The planting spacing was 0.7 m*3.0 m. The area of the plot was about 240 m2, and each plot contained 40 plants. During the test period, the irrigation was carried out according to theWuwei Mo Gao Brewing Grape Drip Irrigation Water Distribution Quota, which formulated by the research team. The irrigation amount in the bud break stage was 675 m~3 ·hm~(-2), the flowering stage was 900 m~3 ·hm~(-2), the first berry swell period was 900 m~3 ·hm~(-2), the secondary shoot growth period was 150 m~3 ·hm~(-2), and the second berry swell period was 600 m~3 · hm~(- 2), and overwintering water was 1 275 m~3 · hm~(- 2). The total irrigation amount during the whole growth period was 4 500 m~3·hm~(-2). Five different application amounts of nitrogen (0 kg·hm~(-2), 150 kg·hm~(-2), 300 kg·hm~(-2), 450 kg·hm~(-2) and 600 kg·hm~(-2), characterized as CK、N1、N2、N3 and N4, respectively) were applied with a completely randomized block. Urea was used as external nitrogen and applied with water. The 750 kg·hm~(-2) of calcium superphosphate was applied before the first irrigation during the soil excavation. The 825 kg · hm~(- 2) of potassium sulfate was applied in fruit color-changing period. Effects of nitrogen application rates on total nitrogen content, soluble protein content, key enzyme activities including nitrate reductase(NR), glutamine synthetase(GS), glutamate synthase(GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH) as well as the related gene expression levels in leaves (VvNR1, VvGS1, VvGOGAT1 and VvGDH1) were determined at different developmental stages (5th day before anthesis, 20th day after anthesis, 50th day after anthesis, 80th day after anthesis). Ten to fifteen leaves were collected from each treatment. Fresh leaves were punched out with a punch and 1.0 g was weighed for determination of soluble protein content and enzyme activity assay with 3 replicates. The new leaves without pests and diseases on the top of the current shoots were selected to extract RNA. 2.0 g of grape leaves wrapped in tin foil were placed in a liquid nitrogen tank and stored in arefrigerator at -80℃ for RNA extraction.
中文关键词	葡萄 ; 滴灌 ; 施氮量 ; 氮代谢酶活性 ; 基因表达
英文关键词	Grape Drip irrigation Nitrogen application Nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity Gene expression
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	HORTICULTURE
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6569169
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/315821
作者单位	1.甘肃农业大学园艺学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 2.甘肃省武威市林业科学研究院, 武威, 甘肃 733000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	宁改星,马宗桓,毛娟,等. 施氮量对荒漠区蛇龙珠'葡萄叶片质量的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2019,36(9):1150-1160.
APA	宁改星.,马宗桓.,毛娟.,李文芳.,王颖.,...&陈佰鸿.(2019).施氮量对荒漠区蛇龙珠'葡萄叶片质量的影响.果树学报,36(9),1150-1160.
MLA	宁改星,et al."施氮量对荒漠区蛇龙珠'葡萄叶片质量的影响".果树学报 36.9(2019):1150-1160.