干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 履带自走式果园气爆深松施肥机研制

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	履带自走式果园气爆深松施肥机研制
其他题名	Development of caterpillar self-propelled orchard gas explosion subsoiling and fertilizer machine
	沈从举 1; 贾首星 2; 张立新 3; 周艳 2; 李帆 4; 代亚猛 4; 张景 4; 马文霄 5
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2019
卷号	35 期号:17 页码:1-11
中文摘要	针对现有果园人工施肥作业劳动强度大、效率低,以及机械开沟、挖穴施肥作业翻动土壤破坏土层结构和损伤果树根系的问题,该文结合新疆及中国北方干旱区果园土壤深松和深位施肥的要求,研制了一种履带自走式果园气爆深松施肥机,解决了坚硬土层快速打穴、定量取肥排肥、高压气爆深松施肥等关键技术难题。该机采用全液压驱动履带行走方式,主要由打穴注肥装置、定量加肥装置、气爆发生装置等关键部件组成,可一次完成果树根部土层定点打穴、气爆松土和定量深位施肥等多道工序。为提高作业效率和施肥效果,以单次作业时间和肥料扩散半径为评价指标,以打穴深度、施肥插杆内径、气爆压力为影响因素,进行了二次旋转正交组合试验,通过Design-Expert V8.0.6.1软件,建立了评价指标与各影响因素的数学回归模型,分析了显著因素对评价指标的影响,优化试验参数,确定最优参数组合为:打穴深度600mm、施肥插杆内径30mm、气爆压力0.6MPa。田间验证试验结果表明:在优化参数组合下,单次作业时间为22.1 s,肥料扩散半径为413.6 mm。试验样机经新疆维吾尔自治区农牧业机械产品质量监督管理站检测,各项检测指标均达到了样机设计的技术要求。该研究成果可为果园气爆深松施肥机产品研发与改进提供技术支撑。
英文摘要	The commonly-used manual excavation and fertilization in orchards are inefficient and labor-intensive, while the trench-digging fertilization and drilling-fertilization machine could damage soil surface and wound root system due to soil disturbance. Alternative fertilization method is hence needed. We developed a caterpillar-type, self-propelled gas-explosion machine for fertilization and subsoiling in orchards in Xinjiang and other arid regions in north China. The machine can fast drill hard soil layer and quantitatively control fertilizer feeding and application; it can also loosen subsoil by exploding pressurized gas in deep soil with simultaneous fertilization. During gas explosion, the pressurized air moves the fertilizer into root zone through the loosen soil and fractures created by the explosion. The machine is hydraulically-driven with the caterpillar-type moving mode. It consists of a fertilizer-injection device, a quantitative fertilizer application device, an air explosion device, and a hydraulic and pneumatic transmission system. It is compact, small enough to operate in orchard with fruit rows spaced above 2.5 m. Its flexible control and high automation makes it capable of doing multiple jobs simultaneously, including fixed-point drilling, gas explosion to loosen soil, and quantitative deep-soil fertilizing the root zone. It is soil-friendly, integrating no-tillage, subsoil loosening and fertilization in one system and can loosen soil separately or combine it with quantitative fertilization. The insertion and fertilizer injection device can control drilling depth by the knock-in hoisting mechanism. Its combined hydraulic ram suppression and the hammering device can quickly drill into the hard tillage layer and hard layer. Also, the rotating-wheel quantitative fertilization device driven by the hydraulic ram was designed to have a single feeding volume of 100 mL, but this can be compensated by increasing the fertilization time. The gas explosion device offered a stable air pressure in gas-exploding deep soil. Good subsoil loosening and fertilization was achieved using a gas-explosion pressure in 0.6-0.8 MPa, which does not damage roots. To test its operating efficiency of fertilization, we conducted quadratic rotation orthogonal combination tests with the single operation time and fertilizer diffusion radius as evaluation indices, and the drilling depth, fertilizer rob inner diameter and the gas-explosion pressure as impacting factors. Regression between the evaluation indices and the impacting factors based on the Design-Expert V8.0.6.1 was used to analyze the significance of the impacting factors on the evaluation indices. It was found that the optimal combination of the impacting factors were insertion depth 600 mm, fertilizer rob inner diameter 30 mm and gas explosion pressure 0.6 MPa. Field tests showed that the single operation time and fertilizer diffusion radius under the optimal factor combination were 22.1 s and 413.6 mm, respectively. We also entrusted Xinjiang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Machinery Product Quality Supervision and Management Station to test the stability and efficiency of the machine; and all tested indices meet the technical requirements of the prototype design. These results provide technical support and references for further development and modification of the machine for gas-explosion subsoiling and fertilization in orchards.
中文关键词	机械化 ; 设计 ; 优化 ; 施肥机 ; 气爆深松 ; 定量追肥
英文关键词	mechanization design optimization fertilization machinery gas explosion subsoiling quantitative fertilization
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6593210
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/315768
作者单位	1.石河子大学机械电气工程学院;;新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所;;农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室, ;;;;农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室, 石河子;;石河子;;石河子, ;;;; 832000;;832000;;832000; 2.新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所;;农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室, ;;农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室, 石河子;;石河子, ;; 832000;;832000; 3.石河子大学机械电气工程学院;;农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室, ;;农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室, 石河子;;石河子, ;; 832000;;832000; 4.新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国; 5.石河子大学机械电气工程学院, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	沈从举,贾首星,张立新,等. 履带自走式果园气爆深松施肥机研制[J],2019,35(17):1-11.
APA	沈从举.,贾首星.,张立新.,周艳.,李帆.,...&马文霄.(2019).履带自走式果园气爆深松施肥机研制.农业工程学报,35(17),1-11.
MLA	沈从举,et al."履带自走式果园气爆深松施肥机研制".农业工程学报 35.17(2019):1-11.