干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Satellite ASTER Mineral Mapping the Provenance of the Loess Used by the Ming to Build their Earthen Great Wall

Arid

DOI	10.3390/rs12020270
	Satellite ASTER Mineral Mapping the Provenance of the Loess Used by the Ming to Build their Earthen Great Wall
	Cudahy, Tom 1; Shi, Pilong 2,3; Novikova, Yulia 1; Fu, Bihong 2
通讯作者	Cudahy, Tom
来源期刊	REMOTE SENSING
EISSN	2072-4292
出版年	2020
卷号	12 期号:2
英文摘要	The earthen border wall (Great Wall) built by the Ming is largely made of wind-blown loess. However, does the composition of this loess change along the length of the wall in response to variations in regional sediment transport pathways and impacting on the wall's erosional durability? To date, defining these sediment transport pathways has been a challenge because of the paucity of spatially-comprehensive, compositional information. Here, we show that satellite ASTER mineral maps, combined with field sample measurements along a 1200 km section of the Ming's earthen wall, reveal both the compositional heterogeneity of loess as well as the complexity of the sediment transport pathways of individual loess components, including: (i) quartz sand from Cretaceous sandstones in the Gobi Desert; (ii) gypsum from evaporative lakes in the Tengger Desert; (iii) kaolinite from Devonian Molasse in the Qilian Shan; and (iv) chlorite and muscovite from meta-volcanic rocks exposed across the Alashan Block. Sediment transport pathways involve a combination of colluvial, aeolian and fluvial (ephemeral and permanent) processes shaped by the topography. ASTER enabled mapping of compositional gradients related to two pathways, namely: (i) quartz sand driven by aeolian saltation in concert with the Yellow River; and (ii) clay and fine silt travelling large distances (>500 km) by long-term wind suspension. The most intact section of wall is found along the Hexi Corridor, which is poor in quartz sand and rich in (kaolinitic) clay and fine-silt, driven by wind-shielding by the Alashan Block. We also found evidence that the Ming: (i) mined loess from close by the wall (<1 km); (ii) targeted loess richer in finer fractions; and (iii) routinely applied a Ca-rich additive (probably lime).
英文关键词	ASTER mineral mapping earthen Great Wall loess Ming Dynasty sediment transport pathways mineral system erosion deposition aeolian fluvial
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	Australia ; Peoples R China
开放获取类型	gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000515569800069
WOS关键词	SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION ; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER ; CHANNEL IRON DEPOSIT ; BADAIN JARAN DESERT ; QUANTITATIVE MINERALOGY ; CLAY-MINERALS ; CHINESE ; PLATEAU ; DUST ; HOLOCENE
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Remote Sensing ; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Geology ; Remote Sensing ; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/315412
作者单位	1.C3DMM Pty Ltd, 3-473 Cambridge St Floreat, Wembly, WA 6014, Australia; 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China; 3.Auspices UNESCO, Hengyang Base Int Ctr Space Technol Nat & Cultura, Hengyang 421002, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Cudahy, Tom,Shi, Pilong,Novikova, Yulia,et al. Satellite ASTER Mineral Mapping the Provenance of the Loess Used by the Ming to Build their Earthen Great Wall[J],2020,12(2).
APA	Cudahy, Tom,Shi, Pilong,Novikova, Yulia,&Fu, Bihong.(2020).Satellite ASTER Mineral Mapping the Provenance of the Loess Used by the Ming to Build their Earthen Great Wall.REMOTE SENSING,12(2).
MLA	Cudahy, Tom,et al."Satellite ASTER Mineral Mapping the Provenance of the Loess Used by the Ming to Build their Earthen Great Wall".REMOTE SENSING 12.2(2020).