干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Violence in hunters, fishermen, and gatherers of the Chinchorro culture: Archaic societies of the Atacama Desert (10,000-4,000 cal yr BP)

Arid

DOI	10.1002/ajpa.24009
	Violence in hunters, fishermen, and gatherers of the Chinchorro culture: Archaic societies of the Atacama Desert (10,000-4,000 cal yr BP)
	Standen, Vivien G.1; Santoro, Calogero M.2; Arriaza, Bernardo 2; Coleman, Drew 3; Monsalve, Susana 1; Marquet, Pablo A.4,5,6,7,8
通讯作者	Standen, Vivien G.
来源期刊	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
ISSN	0002-9483
EISSN	1096-8644
出版年	2020
卷号	172 期号:2 页码:227-245
英文摘要	Objectives This article addresses evidence of violence imbedded in both soft and hard tissues from early populations of hunters, fishermen, and gatherers, known as the Chinchorro culture, who lived between 10,000 and 4,000 cal yr BP, along the coast of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest environments on Earth. Our study is aimed to test two hypotheses (a) that interactions and violent behaviors increased through time as population density and social complexity augmented; and (b) that violence was more prevalent between local Chinchorro groups and groups from other inland locations. Material and Methods Two lines of data were analyzed: (1) bioarchaeology, through the quantification of physical traces of interpersonal violence in skeletons and mummies from a sample of 136 adult individuals and, (2) isotopic chemical analysis (strontium) of individuals with traces of trauma in order to determine their local or foreign origin. Results Violence among Chinchorro populations was ubiquitous and remained invariant over time, with a remarkable skew to male (about 25% above female across the complete sample). Moreover, the chemical signature of individuals with traces of violence was not of foreign origin. Discussion The violence exerted by the Chinchorro groups was not related to increased population size, nor social complexity and was mostly restricted to individuals coming from the same coastal habitat. That is, our data suggest that violence was constant across the Archaic period among the Chinchorro, implying that violent behavior was part of the sociocultural repertory of these populations, likely associated to mechanisms to resolve conflicts and social tensions.
英文关键词	archaic populations Atacama Desert Chinchorro culture violence Strontium isotopes
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	Chile ; USA
收录类别	SCI-E ; SSCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000508034300001
WOS关键词	SAN-PEDRO ; INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE ; SETTLEMENT-PATTERNS ; NORTHERN CHILE ; COLD-WATER ; WARFARE ; TRAUMA ; POPULATIONS ; PERIOD ; ANDES
WOS类目	Anthropology ; Evolutionary Biology
WOS研究方向	Anthropology ; Evolutionary Biology
EI主题词	2020-01-20
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/312542
作者单位	1.Univ Tarapaca, Dept Antropol, 18 de Septiembre 2222, Arica, Chile; 2.Univ Tarapaca, Inst Alta Invest, Arica, Chile; 3.Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA; 4.Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile; 5.IEB, Santiago, Chile; 6.Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Lab Int Cambia Global LINCGlobal, Santiago, Chile; 7.Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Cambia Global UC, Santiago, Chile; 8.Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Standen, Vivien G.,Santoro, Calogero M.,Arriaza, Bernardo,et al. Violence in hunters, fishermen, and gatherers of the Chinchorro culture: Archaic societies of the Atacama Desert (10,000-4,000 cal yr BP)[J],2020,172(2):227-245.
APA	Standen, Vivien G.,Santoro, Calogero M.,Arriaza, Bernardo,Coleman, Drew,Monsalve, Susana,&Marquet, Pablo A..(2020).Violence in hunters, fishermen, and gatherers of the Chinchorro culture: Archaic societies of the Atacama Desert (10,000-4,000 cal yr BP).AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY,172(2),227-245.
MLA	Standen, Vivien G.,et al."Violence in hunters, fishermen, and gatherers of the Chinchorro culture: Archaic societies of the Atacama Desert (10,000-4,000 cal yr BP)".AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 172.2(2020):227-245.