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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117025
	Urban and rural coarse aerosol mass across the United States: Spatial and seasonal variability and long-term trends
	Hand, J. L.1; Gill, T. E.2; Schichtel, B. A.3
通讯作者	Hand, J. L.
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
ISSN	1352-2310
EISSN	1873-2844
出版年	2019
卷号	218
英文摘要	Coarse aerosol mass (CM = PM10 - PM2.5, mass of particles with aerodynamic diameters between 2.5 and 10 mu m) has important environmental and climate impacts. Examining the spatial and temporal variability of CM is important for understanding its sources and transport, evaluating its environmental impacts, and designing mitigation strategies. CM was computed at 195 collocated U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PMic, and PM2.5 Federal Reference Method (FRM) sites from 2000 through 2016. These data were integrated with remote/rural CM data at 155 sites from the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) network to create a continental-scale dataset of daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual mean CM concentrations, as well as regionally aggregated data. Annual mean average continental United States (CONUS) urban CM concentrations were twice that of rural CM concentrations (10.5 mu g m(-3) versus 4.9 mu g m(-3), respectively) for 2012-2016. The highest CM concentrations occurred in the Southwest in spring, the central United States in summer and fall, and southern California nearly year-round. The lowest CM concentrations occurred in the Intermountain West, northwestern United States, and regions in the East. While urban CM concentrations were higher, CONUS average urban and rural CM/PM10 fractions were similar, with an annual mean fraction of 0.5. However, many regions, especially across the West, experienced much higher fractions (>0.7) depending on season. Regional mean CM weekly cycles with lower weekend concentrations were observed at both urban and rural sites throughout most of the country, indicating anthropogenic influence. Trend analyses suggest spring and summer mean CM has increased significantly at some remote and urban sites over the 2000-2016 period, especially at sites in the central and eastern United States. However, CONUS annual mean urban CM has decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at a rate of -1.8% yr(-1) compared to an insignificant increase of 0.5% yr(-1) at rural sites. Urban and rural relative contributions of CM to PM10 have increased since 2000 due to the strong reductions of PM2.5 mass. Understanding CM seasonal and temporal variability, composition, and sources is increasingly important in order to develop effective mitigation strategies for managing its environmental and climate impacts.
英文关键词	Coarse aerosol mass Urban aerosols Remote aerosols Aerosol trends IMPROVE Particulate matter
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	USA
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000501650100030
WOS关键词	PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS ; DESERT DUST ; AIR-QUALITY ; PARTICLES ; TRANSPORT ; FINE ; LOCATIONS ; PM10-2.5 ; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY ; CHEMISTRY
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
EI主题词	2019-12-01
来源机构	Colorado State University
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/311412
作者单位	1.Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; 2.Univ Texas El Paso, Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA; 3.Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Lakewood, CO 80235 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hand, J. L.,Gill, T. E.,Schichtel, B. A.. Urban and rural coarse aerosol mass across the United States: Spatial and seasonal variability and long-term trends[J]. Colorado State University,2019,218.
APA	Hand, J. L.,Gill, T. E.,&Schichtel, B. A..(2019).Urban and rural coarse aerosol mass across the United States: Spatial and seasonal variability and long-term trends.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,218.
MLA	Hand, J. L.,et al."Urban and rural coarse aerosol mass across the United States: Spatial and seasonal variability and long-term trends".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 218(2019).