干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Using fertiliser to maintain soil inorganic nitrogen can increase dryland wheat yield with little environmental cost

Arid

DOI	10.1016/j.agee.2019.106644
	Using fertiliser to maintain soil inorganic nitrogen can increase dryland wheat yield with little environmental cost
	Smith, Chris J.1; Hunt, James R.1,3; Wang, Enli 1; Macdonald, Ben C. T.1; Xing, Hongtao 1,4; Denmead, O. T.1; Zeglin, Steve 2; Zhao, Zhigan 1
通讯作者	Smith, Chris J.
来源期刊	AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
ISSN	0167-8809
EISSN	1873-2305
出版年	2019
卷号	286
英文摘要	Nitrogen (N) deficiency is responsible for a large proportion of the exploitable yield gap that exists in Australian wheat production. In order to maximise N use efficiency (NUE), growers attempt to match N fertiliser to seasonal water limited yield potential, which in the southern grain growing region is largely determined by in-crop rainfall. Australia's variable rainfall makes water limited yield potential very difficult to predict, and growers tend to under fertilise, fearing economic and environmental losses of N if crops are over-fertilised. However, environmental losses of excess N are low in the semi-arid, winter dominant rainfall environments with high water holding capacity soils that comprise much of the wheat producing regions of south eastern Australia. This is particularly the case when high carbon (C) to N ratio crop residues are retained which facilitate rapid immobilisation of any mineral N surplus to crop requirements. We therefore propose that the exploitable yield gap in wheat could be closed if a longer-term strategy of N fertiliser application was adopted. In this strategy, growers would simply use N fertiliser to maintain an environmentally appropriate base level of inorganic N (N bank) rather than attempting to match fertiliser inputs to seasonal conditions. We used field studies with N-15 labelled fertiliser and cropping systems simulations to demonstrate that fertiliser N applied at rates calculated to maintain fixed thresholds of inorganic N (N bank criteria) and top-dressed immediately prior to the period of rapid crop uptake can substantially increase yields and profit in comparison to current practice, even when applications exceed crop demand in some years. A further benefit of this strategy is an increase in soil organic matter. Both field and simulation studies indicate that the environmental cost of such a strategy would be minimal, with only a small increase in leaching and denitrification despite higher overall rates of N application. This strategy needs to be compared with current practices in longer term field experiments to confirm production increases and lack of environmental impacts.
英文关键词	N fertilisers Wheat yields Farm profit Soil organic C
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	Australia
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000500215400001
WOS关键词	FED CROPPING SYSTEMS ; AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ; CLIMATE FORECASTS ; ORGANIC-MATTER ; LOESS PLATEAU ; GROWTH-STAGES ; DECIMAL CODE ; GRAIN-YIELD ; CARBON ; MANAGEMENT
WOS类目	Agriculture, Multidisciplinary ; Ecology ; Environmental Sciences
WOS研究方向	Agriculture ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
EI主题词	2019-12-01
来源机构	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/311343
作者单位	1.CSIRO Agr, POB 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; 2.CSIRO Oceans & Atmospheres, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; 3.La Trobe Univ, Ctr AgriBiosci, Dept Anim Plant & Soil Sci, 5 Ring Rd, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia; 4.Wagga Wagga Agr Inst, NSW Dept Primary Ind, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Smith, Chris J.,Hunt, James R.,Wang, Enli,et al. Using fertiliser to maintain soil inorganic nitrogen can increase dryland wheat yield with little environmental cost[J]. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation,2019,286.
APA	Smith, Chris J..,Hunt, James R..,Wang, Enli.,Macdonald, Ben C. T..,Xing, Hongtao.,...&Zhao, Zhigan.(2019).Using fertiliser to maintain soil inorganic nitrogen can increase dryland wheat yield with little environmental cost.AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT,286.
MLA	Smith, Chris J.,et al."Using fertiliser to maintain soil inorganic nitrogen can increase dryland wheat yield with little environmental cost".AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 286(2019).