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Aridity and soil desertification are two extreme phenomena associated with drought, and together with pollution are they are the first biggest "enemies" for the territorial systems today. The phenomenon of aridity produces significant damage, even leading to changing economic profile in the decrease of agricultural production systems and significant changes in land use. The major objectives of this study are the analysis of the dynamics economic profile of human settlements affected by the aridity through the use of modern methods of investigation and the identifying of those changes that occurred in variation ranks of the economic activities outlined in the period under review, for territorial systems affected by aridity. The methodology of the study is based on identifying areas affected by the phenomenon of aridity, in Romania, the analysis of the situation of each one, using relevant sources of documentation. The most important will also be the tests on leading economic indicators (number of firms, employment, profit and turnover), all these at the territorial administrative unit and NACE four -digit code levels, for the 2000-2014 period. The study results will be a useful document for policy makers and decision makers alike, faced lately with the identification and adoption of the most effective solutions for reducing or even stopping this phenomenon whose effects can turn into real disaster.