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The Yellow River Basin (YRB for short) is in the arid or semi arid regions of China, which water resources system is very sensitive to climate change. Temperature and precipitation in YRB have been experiencing obviously changing in recent decades. Since the middle of 1980s, temperature has been eventually rising, especially in winter, and the north basin is the remarkable warming zone. In 1990s, precipitation in YRB was decreasing apparently, while slightly increasing after entering the 21st century. Climate warming and precipitation decreasing are the important reasons of runoff sharp reduction over YRB. On the bases of climate change model, the temperature would apparently increase and precipitation would have a slightly increment in 2050, which aggravates the contradiction between the demand and supply of water resources in YRB. So, adaptive countermeasures should be taken to reduce the negative effects from climate change.