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With human agricultural civilization of five thousand years, the vast majority of China's biodiversity resources are squeezed into the area of Hengduan Mountian. This region is the only oasis on the tropic of cancer, and possess the most peculiar natural landscape of the world-"Three Parallel Rivers". Its biodiversity has important strategic value for the whole world. The region has been called "Gold-Cross" of biological diversity on the earth. The particularity, strategic position and ecological threats of the "Gold-Cross" were analyzed in this paper. To achieve the protection and development of "Gold-Cross" some means were put forward. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS