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Common cellulose, a biodegradable, renewable, flexible, inexpensive, biopolymer which is hydrophilic, is abundantly present in nature. Superhydrophobic cellulose surfaces have the potential to be used in self-cleaning fields. Here, we report on the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces based on cellulose materials with multilength-scale structure, as demonstrated by a high water contact angle (167 for 8 id, droplets) and a relatively low roll-off angle. The multilength-scale roughness was mainly based on its autologous structure. Superhydrophobicity was successfully obtained by incorporating low surface energy materials onto the surface of the modified cellulose and analogs. The superhydrophobic coatings were satisfactory with regard to both chemical and mechanical durability, and because of the transparency of the coatings the native cellulose analogs displayed no changes with regard to either morphology or color. The easy availability of the materials and simplicity of this method render it convenient for mass production.