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This paper presents a unique form of mineralization, where reserve estimation and "ore" recoverability are determined by hydrogeological methods. At the subject site, lithium will be mined through the extraction of brine from two dry salt lakes (salars). The majority of lithium mining conducted in the world today is done in this type of setting, although there are relatively few active mines. The site is located in a desert environment in the Puna Region of Argentina, on the east side of the Andes mountain chain. This paper describes the unique hydrogeological aspects of this project, including: the geological setting, methods for calculating lithium reserves, and ongoing work at the site.