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In Shiyang River Basin, the average temperature since 1951 was sustained upward trend. Which, 1992 is a significant warming of the year, with significant warming ago, the temperature rose by 0.85 degrees C, higher than the national 0.79 degrees C warming of nearly 97 years, but lower than the nearly 51 1.1 degrees C increase in the level. East Qilian Mountains of snow in the area overall decrease, in the basin precipitation generally increasing, runoff from mountain pass is reducing, the groundwater level rapidly declined in Minqin oasis. After temperatures notable warming, annual precipitation increased by 18.2 mm, an increase of 5.8%. runoff reduce 410 million m(3), Groundwater dropped by 1-2 times in Minqin oasis. The analysis of water resources changing reasons showed that runoff from mountain pass reducing because of mountain precipitation decrease and Hongyashan Reservoir Inflow to the sustained, rapid decrease is one of reasons which leading to a rapid decline of groundwater in Minqin Oasis. Subject to the effects of climate change, the Shiyang River basin runoff from a mountain pass in advance of the peak, Human activities are seriously affected the middle reaches of the Shiyang River basin runoff and downstream utilization of available volume ratio. Climate change and human activities affect the common, Reducing of vegetation area and the patches number in Shiyang River Basin shows not only changes in vegetation types, there are also sparse vegetation to the bare land into the trend, which is the deterioration of ecological environment tends to the obvious signs.