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Iran is located in the semi arid region of the world. It has about 50 million hectares suitable areas for agriculture, but the great amount of this area has not been used due to lack of water for irrigation. Gardeners in these regions produce some horticultural crops in rainfed condition. There are 400,000 ha of rainfed orchards in Iran (16.5 percent of total orchards). Because of its special tolerance to water stress, almond (Prunus dulcis) is one of the main agricultural products in rainfed condition in Iran. About 50 percent of almond orchards (74,000 ha) are rainfed. Therefore a study was conducted from 2002 to 2004 to survey the traditional and new methods in producing almond in rainfed condition in Iran. In this paper some topics such as: water harvesting systems, micro catchments, selecting best cultivars and rootstocks, site selection and supplemental irrigation in traditional and new orchards were discussed.