Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
DOI | 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.04.020 |
Salinity evolution and crop response to secondary soil salinity in two agro-climatic zones in Lebanon | |
Darwish, T; Atallah, T; El Moujabber, M; Khatib, N | |
通讯作者 | Darwish, T |
会议名称 | International Workshop on Sustainable Strategies for Irrigation in Salt-Prone Mediterranean Region |
会议日期 | DEC 08-10, 2003 |
会议地点 | Cairo, EGYPT |
英文摘要 | This paper reviews the human impact on land degradation through the integrated effect of fertilization and irrigation on secondary salinization for the different cropping patterns and agroclimatic zones of Lebanon. Agricultural operations in the semiarid northern areas of Lebanon are characterized by intensive open field and low tunnel production, Soil degradation has occurred because of the combined effect of mismanaged crop rotation, poor fertilization and irrigation policies. Monoculture and other agricultural practices caused salt accumulation in the soil (9.0 ds/m). which was then deserted after several years of exploitation. Under and Mediterranean climate. these practices increased the vulnerability of an already fragile ecosystem. Because of water shortage, farmers relied on drip irrigation despite higher investment cost, although, the deterioration of soil quality was associated with the use of drip irrigation. The monitoring of soil quality indicated a Self-recovery after several years of fallowing or a switch to a barley-baled rotation. Instead of enhancing water use efficiency and properly managing the fertigation system, a replacement of drip by sprinklers is practiced. This is an indication that the introduction of modern irrigation systems is not sufficient. an improvement of agricultural practices and an upgrading of farmer's, skills are required. Along the subhumid coastal strip, the area of greenhouses has expanded to 50(X) ha. It is (lie most intensive cropping system in the country with a manure input reaching 60 t ha(-1) added every 2 years and fertilizer input exceeding 180(1 kg hit I of compound soluble and low-solubility fertilizers per season. Consequently, secondary soil salinity has reached 15-20 dS/m. A six-fold increase of soil salinity inside the greenhouses in comparison with the soil outside them was observed. A 5-year monitoring of the status of groundwater and soil on the Lebanese coast showed that the deterioration of soil quality is also linked to the mismanagement of fertilizer input and irrigation with low quality waters. Several zones are irrigated with well water which was subjected to seawater intrusion. In the southern coastal region, water salinity fluctuated around 3 dS/m. In regularly sampled wells, the chlorine content explained only 12% of the variation in total salinity of irrigation water (ECw). ECw explained 34% of soil salinity (ECe). Indeed, the level of ECw cannot justify the extent and seasonal fluctuation of ECe, which showed a peak of 50 dS/m. Replacing drip by sprinklers is not the proper solution in an area with severe shortage in fresh water. Instead, improving the management of water and nutrients inputs and increasing their use efficiency is a necessary step to conserve the limited natural resources in the country. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
英文关键词 | soil salinization land degradation groundwater vulnerability irrigation water quality |
来源出版物 | AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT |
ISSN | 0378-3774 |
EISSN | 1873-2283 |
出版年 | 2005 |
卷号 | 78 |
期号 | 1-2 |
页码 | 152-164 |
出版者 | ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
类型 | Article;Proceedings Paper |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Lebanon |
收录类别 | SCI-E ; CPCI-S |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000232036800013 |
WOS关键词 | FERTIGATION ; IRRIGATION |
WOS类目 | Agronomy ; Water Resources |
WOS研究方向 | Agriculture ; Water Resources |
资源类型 | 会议论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/295298 |
作者单位 | (1)Natl Council Sci Res, Natl Ctr Remote Sensing, Beirut, Lebanon;(2)Lebanese Univ, Fac Agr Sci, Kashk, Lebanon;(3)Holy Spirit Univ, Beirut, Lebanon |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Darwish, T,Atallah, T,El Moujabber, M,et al. Salinity evolution and crop response to secondary soil salinity in two agro-climatic zones in Lebanon[C]:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV,2005:152-164. |
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