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Typical seasonal soil water conditions, fertilizer application and use of plastic film were all found to influence niche indices for dry-land farming. A niche index can measure of suitability of crops to particular environmental conditions. A mathematical model was developed to represent water-fertilizer interactions. Under abundant, moderate. natural and and water supply, mean spring wheat yields were 2770, 1890, 2070 and 1175 kg ha(-1), respectively. Values of niche were 0.657, 0.531, 0.569 and 0.454, respectively. The maximum niche index was 0.813, gained under abundant water and fertilizer conditions, with a maximum grain yield of 4030 kg ha(-1). Results provide support for regulating fertilizer use in relation to soil water resources of semi-arid farmland.