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Soils from different climatic regions of Australia were studied to determine their adsorption of Cs-137, and the effect of microbial sulfate reduction on this adsorption. The soils consisted of a surface and regolith samples from the site of a proposed low and intermediate level radioactive waste repository in and South Australia, and two red earth loam soils from an experimental plot in the tropical Northern Territory. The process of bacterial sulfate reduction substantially decreased the adsorption Of Cs-137 to the and and tropical soils, although extended incubation resulted in greater adsorption to the regolith sample. This could have implications for the mobility of radionuclides entering these soil ecosystems. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.