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We focus on constraints faced by antelopes reintroductions in and environments, and propose keys to enhance their success, using the oryx project in Saudi Arabia as example:

(1) Monitoring and management of reintroduced populations appear more important than the number of released animals;

(2) Because of the low accuracy of population size estimators, we recommend to implement a continuous monitoring and to use several estimators to assess the reintroduced population size;

(3) Reintroduction schedule should take into account the unpredictability of food resources in and environments;

(4) The re-establishment of desert antelopes depends as a priority on the enforcement of regulations to avoid poaching. (C) 2003 Academie des sciences. Published by Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.