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A bioremediation field experiment was carried out in the Kuwait desert to remediate oil contaminated soil. Cost reduction by improving the efficiency of the large-scale demonstration was required,resulting in the remediation of composting piles using a pile-turner to remediate 5500 m(3) of oil contaminated soil. The treatment duration was 15 months and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) had been degraded 80 %. Mutagenicity test results showed that soil became non-toxic after 3 months of treatment. The criteria for the treatment of the contaminated soil in Kuwait was based on the end points of several proposed experimental results. The protocol for the actual field treatment depened on the contamination level and area proposed for treatment. This study was carried out under the Joint Research Program between the Petroleum Energy Center under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan, and the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.