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The Barbary ground squirrel, Atlantoxerus getulus, is an endemic species from Morocco and Algeria. This species occupies a wide variety of habitats from alpine meadows to desert. Preliminary results on the reproductive period and the group structure are presented in our this paper. In high-altitude sites, both in High and Anti-Atlas, reproduction occurs in summer while in other sites reproduction takes place in spring. During the reproductive period, group composition differs greatly, even among sites of a given region.