Arid
DOI10.1016/S0341-8162(96)00035-5
Soils in the Mediterranean region: What makes them different?
Yaalon, DH
通讯作者Yaalon, DH
会议名称International Red Mediterranean Soils Meeting
会议日期MAY 09-14, 1993
会议地点ADANA, TURKEY
英文摘要

Mediterranean climates are characterized by winter rains - with some months of excess rainfall over evatranspiration, warm and dry summer months with moisture deficits - drying out soils and their annual vegetation (xeric moisture regime). They are found on western parts of all continents, between the cooler temperature zone and the hot dry desert zone. The largest Mediterranean region, surrounding the Mediterranean Sea extends over 4,300,000 km(2) and exhibits a wide variety of soils and geo-ecosystems.


Characteristic landscape attributes are the high proportion of mountains with steep slopes, significant additions of Saharan desert dust to practically all soils of the region, and a large proportion of limestone and other calcareous rocks as soil parent materials. Characteristic soil behavior features are moderate weathering with pervection (leaching, lessivage) of mostly 2:1 clays into B horizons (Xeralfs; Luvisols), hematite-induced reddening of the clays due to summer dehydration of free iron oxyhydroxides, carbonate dissolution and reprecipitation with prevalence of calcic horizons (Xerolls; Calcisols) in semiarid regions, and development of Vertisols, mostly in lowlands, where deep layers of swelling/cracking clays have sedimented. Shallow soils on nearly bare slopes, mostly a result of erosion subsequent to deforestation, are frequent (Leptosols, Cambisols; Inceptisols, Entisols). Red (or Brown) Mediterranean soils are no longer used as a separate classification group in modem, well defined, soil property-controlled taxonomies (Soil Taxonomy; FAO system), but were partially replaced by Duchaufour's term Fersiallitic soils in some classification systems. Terra Rossa continues to be used in some classification for hard limestone derived red soils, mostly shallow.


The effects of man's past and current interference with the landscape are pervasive in most regions, and predictions for possible future effects on the soils and ecosystems, due to greenhouse gas induced warming and rainfall change, are partly negative, partly still too uncertain.


英文关键词Mediterranean soils xeric moisture regime dust accretion clay illuviation reddening (rubefication) soil carbonate dynamics catenary differentiation environmental history global change soil classification
来源出版物CATENA
ISSN0341-8162
出版年1997
卷号28
期号3-4
页码157-169
出版者ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
类型Article;Proceedings Paper
语种英语
收录类别CPCI-S ; SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:A1997WJ10700002
WOS关键词DUST ; VEGETATION ; CLIMATE
WOS类目Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Soil Science ; Water Resources
WOS研究方向Geology ; Agriculture ; Water Resources
资源类型会议论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/291777
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GB/T 7714
Yaalon, DH. Soils in the Mediterranean region: What makes them different?[C]:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV,1997:157-169.
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