Arid
DOI10.1139/e17-121
Drag and shear stress partitioning in sparse desert creosote communities
Wyatt, VE; Nickling, WG
会议名称Special Session on Eolian Processes and Environments, at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Association-of-Geographers
会议日期1996
会议地点SASKATOON, CANADA
英文摘要

Most research to characterize the wind-erosion susceptibility and the degree of surface roughness required to suppress erosion on erodible surfaces has been empirical. However, a recently proposed shear velocity ratio model attempts to place shear stress partitioning in an entirely theoretical framework. The purpose of this study was to directly measure components of shear stress in a sparsely vegetated environment in order to evaluate the model. Far the field study, new instrumentation was developed to measure drag on a creosote shrub, and Irwin sensors were modified to measure surface shear stress in the field. Simultaneous measurements of total shear stress and surface shear stress were taken at four sites of different roughness densities, in the Eldorado Valley, Nevada. Results indicate that porous shrubs had greater drag coefficients (C-d = 0.485) than did solid elements (sphere C-d = 0.3) and are more effective at protecting a surface. Values of beta, the ratio of element to surface drag coefficients, were therefore higher than previously published values. Surface and total shear stress scaled consistently with each other at a range of wind speeds, and varied according to the roughness density of the surface, Shear stress partitioning values agreed well with previously published field data and some wind-tunnel data. The theoretical model predicted the results successfully when m = 0.16, where m is an empirical constant that accounts Cor the difference in average stress and the maximum surface stress in initiating erosion. The wide applicability of the model is likely due to the inclusion of the adjustable m, which accommodates all values of beta and sigma (ratio of roughness element basal area to frontal area).


来源出版物CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
ISSN0008-4077
EISSN1480-3313
出版年1997
卷号34
期号11
页码1486-1498
出版者CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
类型Article;Proceedings Paper
语种英语
国家CANADA
收录类别SCI-E ; CPCI-S
WOS记录号WOS:A1997YL37300007
WOS关键词WIND EROSION ; ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS ; SURFACES ; VEGETATION ; FLOW ; THRESHOLD ; CANOPIES ; TUNNEL
WOS类目Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WOS研究方向Geology
资源类型会议论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/291774
作者单位(1)UNIV GUELPH, DEPT GEOG, GUELPH, ON N1G 2W1, CANADA
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Wyatt, VE,Nickling, WG. Drag and shear stress partitioning in sparse desert creosote communities[C]:CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS,1997:1486-1498.
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