Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黄土高原半灌木和小半灌木草原群落特征研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Community characteristics of semi-shrubby and dwarf semi-shrubby steppes on the Loess Plateau, China |
| 高趁光 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 郭柯 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 半灌木、小半灌木草原是黄土高原主要草原类型之一，广布于该区大部分地区。本研究以《中国植被志》编研为契机，系统收集了该区域半灌木、小半灌木草原的研究文献，对黄土高原半灌木、小半灌木草原进行了为期三年的实地调查，通过分析获得的样方数据和环境信息，并结合已有的研究资料，系统总结了黄土高原半灌木、小半灌木草原的分布特点和环境特征、群落特征及分类，旨在完善已有资料，为《中国植被志》的编研和黄土高原植被生态研究提供基础数据和资料。主要研究结果如下：(1) 华北米蒿(Artemisia giraldii)草原是黄土高原地区分布最为广泛的半灌木草原，主要分布在黄土高原中部地区的黄土丘陵阳坡、半阳坡，有时也可延伸至低山丘陵下部，分布地区的土壤类型主要为黄绵土。83个样地共记录到204种植物，种类以禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)、豆科(Leguminosae)和蔷薇科(Rosaceae)植物为主，物种生活型以多年生杂类草(107种)为主，水分生态类型以典型中生植物(62种)和典型旱生植物(59种)占据优势，区系地理成分主要为东亚成分(78种)和东古北极成分（64种）。该草原83个样地的平均盖度为46.4%，平均地上生物量为149.2 g?4 m-2，物种丰富度19种?4 m-2。依据优势物种生活型组成及群落结构，群系可划分为7个群丛组，20个群丛。(2) 细裂叶莲蒿(Artemisia gmelinii)草原在黄土高原地区主要分布在黄土高原中部地区，多见于黄土丘陵沟壑、山地丘陵阴坡、半阴坡，分布地区的土壤多为黄绵土和山地栗钙土。69个样地共记录到219种植物，群落物种以多年生杂类草(129种)为主，典型中生植物(63种)最多，东亚成分(83种)和东古北极成分(78种)占优。细裂叶莲蒿草原69个样地的平均盖度为43.1%，平均地上生产量为203.5 g?4 m-2，物种丰富度为20.5种?4 m-2。群系可划分为7个群丛组，23个群丛。(3) 百里香(Thymus mongolicus)草原主要分布在黄土高原北部以及与蒙古高原接壤的草原地区，在黄土高原多见于黄土梁顶、水蚀、风蚀严重的黄土丘陵，石质化的低山阳坡、半阳坡。65个样地共记录到128种植物，群落物种以多年生杂类草(80种)为主，典型旱生植物(47种)是主要的水分生态类型，东古北极成分(53种)占优。百里香草原的65个样地的平均盖度为29.2%，平均干物质生产量为135.4 g?m-2，物种丰富度为16种?m-2。群系可划分为6个群丛组，14个群丛。(4) 兴安胡枝子(Lespedeza daurica)草原主要分布在黄土高原的中部和北部，分布地带多为黄土沟壑、侵蚀残丘、低山丘陵和洪积扇上，在弃耕地恢复的早期和路肩地带也较常见。31个样地共记录到91种植物，多年生杂类草(57种)占据显著优势，典型旱生植物(34种)数目最多，东亚成分(31种)和东古北极成分(27种)为优势类型。兴安胡枝子草原的平均盖度为32.8%，平均干物质生产量为133.6 g?m-2，物种丰富度为14种?m-2。群系可划分为6个群丛组，12个群丛。(5) 黄土高原地区其他较常见的半灌木、小半灌木草原还有蓍状亚菊(Ajania achilloides)草原、米蒿(Artemisia dalai-lamae )草原和冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)草原等。蓍状亚菊草原主要分布在黄土高原西北部的荒漠草原地带，多见于山地丘陵阳坡、半阳坡，生境干旱，土壤贫瘠。13个样地记录到44种植物，多年生杂类草植物(21种)占据主要地位，水分生态类型以典型旱生植物(23种)为主，亚洲中部成分(12种)和东亚成分(12种)相对较多。米蒿草原主要分布在黄土高原西部，多见于黄土丘陵砂砾质土壤上，环境干燥。5个样地记录到27种植物，以多年生杂类草(10种)为主，典型旱生植物(12种)占据优势，区系地理成分主要为亚洲中部成分(11种)。冷蒿草原在黄土高原主要分布在中部黄土塬地、梁峁和北部典型草原区域，如内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原中西部，多见于过牧或风蚀强烈的丘陵山坡。在黄土高原地区调查的8个样地记录到60种植物，群落物种以多年生杂类草(33种)为主，主要水分生态类型为典型旱生植物(24种)和中旱生植物(19种)，东古北极成分(18种)和东亚成分(16种)相对占优势。 |
| 英文摘要 | Semi-shrubby and dwarf semi-shrubby steppe is one of the most important vegetation type on the Loess Plateau. As a preliminary work of the edition of Vegetation Monograph of China, we conducted a three-year field vegetation survey of semi-shrubby and dwarf semi-shrubby steppes on the Loess Plateau. Based on the previous researches, we analyzed the plot data and environmental information. The distribution patterns, community characteristics, and formation classification of semi-shrubby and dwarf semi-shrubby steppes on the Loess Plateau were comprehensively summarized. The aim of this research is to renew the existing data, and provide basic information for the edition of Vegetation Monograph of China. The main results are concluded as below: (1) Artemisia giraldii steppe widely distributes in the central part of the Loess Plateau. This formation occurs mainly on the sunny and semi-sunny slope of loess hill region, but also can be seen at the foot of hills. Loess soil is the typical soil. 204 seed plants were recorded in the 83 plotting sites, and families of Compositae, Leguminosae, Gramineae and Rosaceae played crucial roles in the species composition. Perennial forb (107 species) was the dominant life form among these species. Typical mesophyte (62 species) and typical xerophyte (59 species) accounted for more than half of all species. East Asia (78 species) and East Palaearctic (64 species) were the two major floristic elements. The mean coverage of Artemisia giraldii steppe was about 46.4%. Dry aboveground biomass was about 149.2 g?4 m-2. Species richness was 18-25 species?4 m-2. The formation was classified into 7 association groups, consisting of 20 associations. (2) Artemisia gmelinii steppe distributes in the central part of the Loess Plateau. This formation occurs mainly on the shady and semi-shady slopes of loess hills. Loess soil and Chestnut soil are the typical soils. There were 219 seed plants in the 69 plotting sites, and most of these plants were perennial forbs (129 species). Additionally, species belonging to typical mesophyte (63 species) had the largest number. The structure of floristic geographic element showed that East Asia (83 species) and East Palaearctic (78 species) were the two major floristic elements. The mean coverage of the Artemisia gmelinii steppe was 43.1%，and dry aboveground biomass was about 203.5 g?4 m-2. The species richness was 16-25 species?4 m-2. The formation was classified into 7 association groups with 23 associations.(3) Thymus mongolicus steppe mainly distributes in the north part of Loess Plateau. This formation is usually found in the south-facing slope of rocky hills or mountains and loess hills with severe soil erosion. 128 species were recorded in 65 plotting sites, and most of them were perennial forbs (80 species). Typical xerophyte (47 species) was the dominant ecological type. Although the floristic geographic elements of the species were diverse, a total of 53 species were East Palaearctic elements. The species richness, the mean coverage and the mean dry aboveground biomass of Thymus mongolicus steppe were 13-19 species?m-2, about 29.2% and 135.4 g?m-2, respectively. The formation was classified into 6 association groups and 14 associations.(4) Lespedeza daurica steppe mainly distributes in the central and north part of the Loess Plateau, and commonly on the terrains of loess hills, low hills and pluvial fans. 91 seed plant species were recorded in 31 plotting sites. The majority of these species were perennial forbs (57 species), and xerophyte (34 species) accounted for more than half part of all species. East-Asia (31 species) and East Palaearctic elements (27 species) were the two major floristic elements. The species richness, the mean coverage and the mean dry aboveground biomass of Lespedeza daurica steppe were 12-16 species?m-2, about 32.8% and 133.6 g?m-2, respectively. The formation could be divided into 6 association groups with 12 associations.(5) Other common semi-shrubby and dwarf semi-shrubby steppes on the Loess Plateau are Ajania achilloides steppe, Artemisia dalai-lamae steppe and Artemisia frigida steppe. Ajania achilloides steppe mainly distributes in the zone of desert steppe in the northwest part of the Loess Plateau. This formation usually occurs on the south-facing slopes of hills with relatively dry habitat and infertile soil. In 13 plotting sites of Ajania achilloides steppe, 44 species were recorded, which were dominated by perennial forbs (21 species) and typical xerophyte (23 species). The Middle Asia (12 species) and East-Asia (12 species) were the two major types of floristic elements. Artemisia dalai-lamae steppe mainly distributes in the west of the Loess plateau. This formation usually occurs on the dry loess hills with sandy soil. 27 species were recorded in 5 plotting sites. Among these species, 10 were perennial forbs, and 12 were typical xerophytes. Middle Asia (11 species) was the major floristic elements. Artemisia frigida steppe mainly distributes on loess terrains, loess ridges and loess hills of the central part of the Loess Plateau. This formation also appears on the slopes of central-west part of the Erdos Plateau, especially on the hills with overgrazing and strong soil erosion. 60 species were recorded in 8 plotting sites and most of the species were perennial forbs (33 species). Xerophyte (24 species) played the significant role in the species composition of this formation. East Palaearctic (18 species) and East-Asia (16 species) were the two major floristic elements. |
| 中文关键词 | 黄土高原 ; 半灌木/小半灌木草原 ; 生活型 ; 区系地理成分 ; 群系分类 |
| 英文关键词 | The Loess Plateau Semi-shrubby and dwarf semi-shrubby steppe Life form Floristic geographic elements Community classification |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288216 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 高趁光. 黄土高原半灌木和小半灌木草原群落特征研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [高趁光]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [高趁光]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [高趁光]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
