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| 东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林的演化：壳斗科的证据 | |
| 其他题名 | The evolutionary dynamics of East Asian subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests: evidence from Fagaceae |
| 海丽斯 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 陈之端 ; 王伟 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 亚热带常绿阔叶林作为一种地带性植被，主要分布于北纬23-35度之间。该纬度范围内绝大部分地区被荒漠植被所覆盖，因而亚热带常绿阔叶林这种植被类型显得尤为独特。其中，东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林因其面积最大且受东亚季风影响而格外引人注目。东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林作为生物栖息的天堂，生物总量和生物多样性相当丰富，含有特有种属的比例高，保留有很多孑遗植物，具有重要的生态意义，但对于它演化历史的研究仍在推进和活跃阶段。壳斗科植物是东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林中最具优势地位的结构成分之一。化石和分子证据表明，现存的壳斗科植物可以追溯到晚白垩世，壳斗科各属在古近纪都相继出现。分子系统学为我们更好地理解壳斗科的系统发育关系提供了便利，而壳斗科的优势种为我们提供了研究东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林演化历史的一个绝好机会。本研究选取了东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林87个壳斗科优势种中的75个优势种，同时选取了壳斗科优势种外的203个种，另外选取了代表壳斗目各科、属的25个种作为外类群。分子标记方面，采用基于五个叶绿体DNA片段（matK、rbcL、trnL、trnL-F、atpB-rbcL）和四个核基因或DNA片段（phyA、phyC、CRC、ITS）组成的包含278个壳斗科物种且含有4/5壳斗科优势种的联合矩阵。数据分析方面，进行综合的系统发育分析，并基于11个化石标定点估算分化时间。最后，在系统发育框架下，我们探讨壳斗科优势种的起源式样，以揭示东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林的演化动态。系统发育分析显示，75个优势种分布在51个支系中。分化时间的分析结果显示第一个壳斗科优势种在39.4 Ma左右分化出现，随后，壳斗科优势种在约34 Ma和14–20 Ma两个阶段快速出现。我们推断东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林起源于39.4 Ma，并于晚始新世和早中新世快速多样化而逐渐演化成为现在的东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林。研究结果显示，约在40 Ma，与热带辐合区（ITZC）相关的类似季风气候以及大气中二氧化碳浓度的变化共同促进了东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林的起源；在随后的晚始新世（约34 Ma），加强的热带辐合区（ITZC）季风气候和大气中二氧化碳浓度的继续增加促使了该植物区系的多样化；而在早中新世（约14–20 Ma）的常绿阔叶林的多样化，则是在加强的东亚季风(EAM)的主要促进作用下实现的。 |
| 英文摘要 | The subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest (EBLF), mainly ranging from 23°N to 35°N latitude, is a zonal vegetation type in subtropical region, which is special compared with the other large regions covered by desert vegetation at the same latitudes. East Asian subtropical EBLFs are characterized by the influence of the East Asian monsoon and have drawn much attention of researchers. As a paradise for all creatures with diverse habitats, East Asian subtropical EBLFs harbor a large amount of standing biomass, biodiversity, endemism as well as relict taxa, all of which are significantly important to ecology. However, our understanding of evolutionary history of this vegetation is still incomplete.Fagaceae is one of the most important physiognomic and structural components of East Asian subtropical EBLFs. Both fossil and molecular evidence indicated that the extant Fagaceae dates back to the Late Cretaceous, and its genera mainly occurred in the Paleogene. Molecular phylogenetics has contributed greatly to understanding the relationships within the family. The dominant species of Fagaceae offer us an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolutionary history of East Asian subtropical EBLFs.Here, we selected 75 of 87 dominant species of Fagaceae in East Asian subtropical EBLFs, and other 203 species of the oak family, together with 25 outgroup taxa covering all remaining genera of all other families in Fagales. We combined a concatenated matrix of 278 oak species and 4/5 dominant species of Fagaceae contained five plastid (matK, rbcL, trnL, trnL-F, atpB-rbcL) and four nuclear (phyA, phyC, CRC, ITS) DNA sequence data, and conducted comprehensive phylogenetic analyses and divergence time estimates based on 11 fossil calibration points. In the phylogenetic framework, we investigated the rising pattern of dominant Fagaceae species and explored the evolutionary dynamics of East Asian subtropical EBLFs.Our phylogenetic analyses showed that 75 dominant species distribute in 51 clades. The divergence time estimates indicated that the first dominant species occurred at ca. 39.4 Ma. Subsequently, dominant species mainly occurred in two periods: ca. 34 Ma and ca. 14–20 Ma. So, we propose that East Asian subtropical EBLFs originated at ca. 39.4 Ma, experienced rapid diversification in the late Eocene and the early Miocene and gradually became extant East Asian subtropical EBLFs. The comprehensive analysis showed that the monsoon-like climate associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITZC) along with the change of CO2 atmospheric concentration co-facilitated the origination of this biota at ca. 40 Ma. Then, the intensified ITZC and the enhanced CO2 atmospheric concentration triggered the late Eocene (ca. 34 Ma) diversification. Finally, the intensified EAM worked as the major factor that resulted in the early Miocene (ca. 14–20 Ma) diversification of the East Asian subtropical EBLFs. |
| 中文关键词 | 东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林 ; 优势种 ; 壳斗科 ; 系统发育 ; 季风 |
| 英文关键词 | East Asian Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaved Forests (EBLFs) Dominant Species Fagaceae Phylogeny Monsoon |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 植物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288215 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 海丽斯. 东亚亚热带常绿阔叶林的演化：壳斗科的证据[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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