Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黑河流域多尺度植被格局与驱动因子研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Multi-scale vegetation patterns and driving forces in Heihe River Basin |
| 高楠楠 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 郑元润 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 全球气候变化及日益增强的人类活动导致植被分布格局发生重大变化，造成生物多样性减少、生态系统结构和功能改变，严重影响了人类的生存环境。因而，研究植被格局对气候变化和人类干扰的响应成为全球关注的热点问题。黑河流域是典型的干旱区内陆河系统，对维持河西走廊绿洲稳定具有重要意义。研究黑河流域植被格局与环境的关系，对深入理解干旱区山地植被与环境复杂关系，探索有效的分析方法具有重要科学意义，同时对于内陆河流域的生态系统管理具有重要参考价值。本文通过数量分析方法，采用气候、土壤、社会、经济及植被数据，研究了黑河流域不同尺度植被分布格局及其驱动因子，取得以下重要结果：1）黑河上游干流区不同植被分类水平植被格局及其驱动因子差异明显。在土地利用/覆盖，植被型组、植被型、群系四个分类水平进行了黑河流域上游7个景观指标和33个环境因子的数量分析，发现大气逆辐射是最重要的驱动因子，除群系水平外，土壤是第二重要的驱动因子。在不同分类水平上，与植被格局关系达到显著水平的环境变量的数量在26到28之间，其中20个变量在四个水平上是相同的。影响植被格局的驱动因子在植被型组和植被型水平上基本一致，在土地利用/覆盖，植被型组和群系水平上分析环境与植被格局之间的关系即可。2）黑河全流域和上、中、下游植被格局关键驱动因子差异显著。利用黑河流域群系数据，采用景观面积比例指标和33个环境因子，通过去趋势典范对应分析方法在上、中、下游和全流域尺度进行了黑河流域景观面积比例和环境因子的多因素相关分析，发现海拔高度与全流域和中游植被的关系最为密切；最热月均温、实际蒸散分别对上游和下游植被影响最为显著。除上述最为显著的影响因子外，年均日照时数和干燥度指数对上游植被影响显著；年均日照时间、实际蒸散对中游植被影响显著；地下水埋深、土壤有机质和土壤粉砂含量对下游植被影响显著。3）黑河流域2000-2013年土地覆被和植被型组变化明显，驱动因子各异。采用动态指数，气候、土壤和社会、经济等因子，通过冗余分析和偏冗余分析相结合的方法，研究了全流域2000、2007、2013年土地利用/覆盖和植被型组变化与环境和人类干扰的关系，发现土地利用/覆盖变化最重要的驱动因子是人均GDP（解释率=15%），人类活动是驱动黑河流域土地利用/覆盖变化的主要因素。植被型组变化最重要的驱动因子是昼夜温差（解释率=11%），植被型组比土地利用/覆盖对气候变化更敏感。在植被型组水平上所有驱动因子可解释65.9%的动态指数变化，而在土地利用/覆盖水平上仅可解释50.5%的动态指数变化。其主要原因是气候和土壤因子可以解释29.9%的植被型组变化，而对土地利用/覆盖变化的解释仅为9.7%。 |
| 英文摘要 | Global climate change and increasingly human activities have led to major changes in vegetation pattern. As a result, biodiversity has been reduced, structure and function of various ecosystems have been changed, and the living environment of human beings has been seriously affected. Therefore, understanding the effects of climate change and human disturbance on vegetation has become a hot issue of global concern. The Heihe River basin is a typical arid inland river system, which is of great significance to maintain the stability of the Oasis in the Hexi Corridor. Research on the relationship between vegetation pattern and environment in the Heihe River basin has important scientific significance for understanding on the complex relationship between mountain vegetation and environment in arid region and for exploring effective analytical methods, further, it can provide important reference for ecosystem management in inland river basins. In this thesis, the distribution patterns and driving forces of vegetation at different scales in the Heihe River basin were studied by quantitative analysis, using climate, soil, human activities and vegetation distribution data, and the following important results were obtained.1) The differences of vegetation pattern and its driving factors at different scales in the upper reaches of Heihe River were different. Using 7 landscape metrics and 33 environmental factors, multivariate analyses were conducted in the upper reaches of the Heihe River basin at four scales: land use, vegetation group, vegetation type and formation. It was found that atmospheric counter radiation was the most important driving force. Soil was the second most important driving force besides formation level. At different scales, the number of environmental variables that reached significant level influencing vegetation pattern was between 26 and 28, of which 20 were the same at all the four scales. The driving forces influencing vegetation pattern were basically the same at vegetation group level and vegetation type level, and the relationship between environment and vegetation pattern can be analyzed at the level of land use, vegetation group and formation.2) The crucial driving factors of vegetation pattern of the whole Heihe River basin and its upper, middle and lower reaches were obvious differences. Based on the landscape metrics of Percentage of Landscape and 33 environmental factors, multivariate analyses were conducted at the upper, middle, lower reaches and the whole basin scale by Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis. It was found that the altitude had the closest relationship with the vegetation of the whole basin and the middle reaches. Mean temperature of the warmest month and the actual evapotranspiration had the most significant impacts on the upstream and downstream vegetation respectively. Besides the most significant factors, the annual average insolation duration and aridity index had a significant effect on the vegetation of the upper reaches. The annual average insolation duration and the actual evapotranspiration had significant impact on the vegetation of the middle reaches.Groundwater depth, soil organic matter and silt of soil had a significant impact on the downstream vegetation. 3) The land cover and vegetation group changed obviously in Heihe River basin from 2000 to 2013 with different driving factors. Using redundancy analysis and partial redundancy analysis, the relationship between land use, vegetation group change and environmental, human disturbance in the whole basin from 2000 to 2013 were studied with dynamic index of vegetation data, climate, soil, human disturbance and other data. The most important driver of land use change was GDP per capita (accounting for 15% of change). The most important driver of vegetation group change was the temperature difference between day and night (accounting for 11% of change). All drivers at the vegetation group scale account for 65.9% of the change, whereas only 50.5% of the change could be explained at the land use scale. The main reason for this was that climate and soil factors accounted for 29.9% of the changes in vegetation groups, while only 9.7% was explained for the changes in land use. |
| 中文关键词 | 植被格局 ; 驱动因子 ; 植被变化 ; 气候 ; 人类干扰 |
| 英文关键词 | Vegetation Pattern Driving Forces Vegetation Change Climate Human Disturbance |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288212 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 高楠楠. 黑河流域多尺度植被格局与驱动因子研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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