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| 玉米开花期抗旱性遗传位点的初定位分析 | |
| 其他题名 | QTL mapping for maize drought tolerance in flowering stage |
| 张坦 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 秦峰 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 在世界范围内，玉米（Zea Mays）作为重要的粮食作物之一，同时是重要的饲料和工业原料作物。在正常生长条件下，玉米散粉与吐丝的时间间隔（Anthesis-Silking Interval，ASI）一般较小，为1-2天。而一些环境胁迫（尤其是干旱），常常导致ASI增大、雌穗难以正常授粉、无法结实，从而严重减产、甚至绝收。因此，解析控制干旱胁迫下ASI产生的遗传位点，并最终克隆相关基因，将有助于解析ASI产生的机理，并可能通过遗传改良提高玉米的抗旱性。本研究以热带亚热带、抗旱玉米自交系CIMBL55为供体亲本；以温带、干旱敏感自交系Mo17为受体亲本，通过杂交1代、回交2代组配BC2F3群体，构建了高密度遗传图谱。并利用该群体BC2F4家系在开花期进行了正常生长和干旱胁迫处理，调查了两个条件下的株高、叶片数、叶夹角、开花期及ASI等表型数据，并对这些性状进行了数量性状位点（Quantitative Trait Loci，QTL）定位分析。主要研究结果如下：利用BC2F3群体构建了一套玉米高密度遗传图谱，总图距2581.10 cM，上图标记12,198个。水区叶夹角QTL定位，一共发现3个QTL，在2号染色体的5.5 cM处发现了一个主效的QTL，位于4.5 cM至7 cM之间，对应的物理区间为9 Mb，LOD（Log of Odds，LOD）值为40.5，该QTL能够解释21.44%的表型变异。对开花时间相关性状进行QTL定位，发现8号染色体的146.38 cM至146.95 cM这个区段，是一个主效区域。对旱区ASI，构建了由380个家系组成的亚群，共计定位到10个QTL。效应最大的QTL位于8号染色体123.7 cM处，LOD值为9.02，表型解释率为8%，遗传跨度为0.32 cM，对应的物理区间为0.95 Mb。对应B73 V4版参考基因组，在该区间内，共定位到18个候选基因。 干旱严重制约着玉米的产量，选育抗旱品种可有效降低干旱造成的经济损失。本研究利用BC2F4群体，分别在正常生长和干旱处理下研究玉米开花期的抗旱性，旨在探索调控玉米抗旱的遗传位点，并为后续抗旱基因的精细定位和玉米分子育种提供理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要 | Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most important crops in the world. It is a major crop used worldwide as a source of food, fuel, industry, and animal feed. Maize serves as a key resource for economic and industrial applications, in addition to its role as food. ASI (Anthesis-Silking Interval) is the time interval between anthesis and silking. Under normal growth conditions, ASI of maize is generally less than 1-2 days. While under environmental stresses, especially drought, ASI usually increases to longer than 5-7 days, which may severely impairs proper pollination and leads to serious yield loss. Therefore, dissecting the genetic loci controlling the trait is of great value for genetic improvement of maize drought tolerance. In this study, we selected a tropical and drought-resistant maize inbred line, CIMBL55, and a temperate and drought-sensitive maize inbred line, Mo17, and constructed a BC2F3 population. A high density genetic linkage map was constructed using this population. Under well water conditions, we phenotyped a number of agronomic traits such as plant height, leaf number, leaf angle and flowering time on the BC2F4 generation. We applied water deficit stress at the flowering stage and performed QTL mapping for ASI. The main results are as follows:A high-density genetic map was constructed by using BC2F3 population, with a total genetic distance of 2581.10 cM, and 12,198 markers.We found 3 QTLs of the leaf angle under well water conditions. A major QTL was found on chromosome 2, from 4.5 cM to 7 cM. The corresponding physical interval was 9 Mb. The QTL can explain 21.44% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD value of 40.5.QTL mapping was performed on the flowering time related traits, and it was found that the interval of chromosome 8, from146.38 cM to 146.95 cM, was a major effective locus.For ASI under water-stress, a subpopulation consisting of 380 BC2F4 families was phenotyped, and 10 QTLs were identified. The QTL of the maximum effect located from 123.7 cM to 124.02 cM on chromosome 8, with a LOD value of 9.02, which can explain 8% of the phenotypic variation. According to the genomic information of B73 V4 version, 18 candidate genes were identified in this region. Drought severely restricts the yield of maize, and the selection of drought-resistant varieties can effectively reduce the economic losses caused by drought. The BC2F4 population was used to study drought resistance at flowering stage of maize under well water and water stress condition. We aimed to explore drought resistance genetic loci, which provided theoretical basis for the fine mapping of drought resistance gene and maize molecular breeding. |
| 中文关键词 | 玉米 ; ASI ; QTL定位 ; 抗旱性 |
| 英文关键词 | Maize ASI QTL Mapping Drought Tolerance |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 发育生物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288209 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张坦. 玉米开花期抗旱性遗传位点的初定位分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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