Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 天山博格达北坡山地垂直带精细刻画及变化分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Fine extraction and change analysis of mountain altitudinal zone on the northern slope of Tianshan Bogda |
| 冀欣阳 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 王心源 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 植被作为地球表层最活跃最重要的组分之一，是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，为生态系统的可持续发展提供基础。而山地具有浓缩的环境梯度、相对较少的人类干扰、以及高度异质化的生境，是生物多样性和景观多样性的聚焦地。随着全球气候变暖，山地生态系统正经历着剧烈的变化，而博格达遗产地具有天山北坡最典型的山地垂直带，是全球温带干旱区山地垂直自然带的典型代表，其植被覆盖变化对全球气候变化具有灵敏的指示作用。本文在近30年的时间尺度上，利用遥感影像对研究区1989年、1997年、2004年和2016年植被覆盖分类信息进行分析，并建立“DEM-NDVI-分类信息”散点图对遗产地山地垂直带进行提取。同时，对博格达遗产地1985-2016年的气温降水进行了时空变化分析，结合NDVI空间自相关分析，探究博格达遗产地山地垂直带和植被覆盖动态变化对气候变化的响应特征。得出以下结论：（1）本文建立博格达遗产地植被覆盖分类&山地垂直带分类遥感影像解译标志库，对每种地类的影像特征和提取特征分别进行描述，并将植被覆盖分类类别和垂直带类别进行对应，其中荒漠草原对应垂直带中的温带荒漠草原带，草地对应垂直带中的山地草原带和高山草甸带，林地对应垂直带中的山地针叶林带，裸地对应垂直带中的高山垫状植被带，冰川永久积雪对应垂直带中的冰雪带。（2）本文利用“DEM-NDVI-分类信息”散点图描述研究区1989年、1997年、2004年和2016年的NDVI值和垂直带分类随着海拔上升的变化特征，其中NDVI值随着海拔上升呈现为“均匀上升-保持稳定-均匀下降”的倒U形，而散点的分类属性则在不同的海拔区间呈现出聚集效应，且不同分带的散点间有明显界限，而DEM与NDVI四年的相关性则逐年整体呈现上升趋势，R2分别为0.73、0.71、0.74和0.76。（3）博格达遗产地1989年、1997年、2004年和2016年的NDVI空间自相关程度较高，且逐年增加，NDVI对海拔和空间变化表现出明显依赖性，其空间聚集模式与垂直带分布特征极为相似，同时统计博格达遗产地的NDVI平均值，四年NDVI平均值分别为0.362、0.365、0.368和0.423，整体呈现明显上升趋势；而1985-2016年来博格达遗产地及其周边区域年平均气温和年降水量均呈现增加趋势，气温增幅约为1-2℃，降水量增幅约20mm；。（4）结合研究区NDVI变化以及气温降水数据，对博格达遗产地1989年-2016年各个山地垂直带分界海拔变化进行分析可知，温带荒漠草原带最为敏感，其上限变化最大，向下收缩93m；山地针叶林带的分布范围则向两侧扩张49m；山地草甸带带宽基本保持不变，但整体上移了约20m；冰雪带则受到全球气候变暖的影响向上退缩54m。 |
| 英文摘要 | As one of the most active and important components of the earth's surface, vegetation is an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem, which provides basises for the sustainable development of ecosystem. And the mountainous region have concentrated environmental gradient, less human interference, and highly heterogeneous habitats, which reflects biodiversity and landscape diversity. With the global warming, the mountain ecosystem is undergoing profound changes. Bogda heritage site, the most typically mountain altitudinal zone on the north slope of Tianshan Mountain, is a representative of the mountain altitudinal zone in the global temperate arid region, and its changes of vegetation cover is sensitive to global climate change. On the time scale of 30 years, the land use/cover classification information of the research area in 1989, 1997, 2004 and 2016 were analyzed by using remote sensing images, and the "DEM-NDVI- classification information" scatter plot was established to extract the mountain altitudinal zone of Bogda. At the same time, the spatial and temporal variation of the 1985-2016 temperature and precipitation in Bogda heritage site was extracted, combining with NDVI spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore the response characteristics of the mountain altitudinal zone and vegetation cover in Bogda. The following conclusions are drawn:(1) the remote sensing image visual interpretation bank of vegetation classifications & mountain vertical zones of Bogda heritage site was set up to describe the image features and extraction features of each land class. According to this, the corresponding relationship between vegetation classifications and mountain vertical zones was established. The Desert Steppe corresponds to the Temperate Desert Steppe Zone, the Grassland is corresponds to the Mountain Steppe Zone and the Mountain Meadow Zone, the Woodland is corresponds to the Mountain Coniferous Forest Zone, the Bare Land is corresponds to the Alpine Cushion Vegetation Zone, and the Glaciers and Permanent Snow is corresponds to the Alpine Snow-Ice Zone.(2) The "DEM-NDVI-classification information" scatter plot showed the change characteristics of both NDVI and land use classification with increasing altitude in Bogda, the NDVI was in an inverted U-shape and the land use classification displayed agglomeration effect in a fixed altitude range. The correlation between DEM and NDVI showed an upward trend year by year, and R2 were 0.73, 0.71, 0.74 and 0.76, respectively.(3) The spatial autocorrelation of NDVI in 1989, 1997, 2004 and 2016 increased year by year. NDVI was highly dependent on the elevation change, and the spatial aggregation model was very similar to the distribution characteristics of the vegetation zone. At the same time, the average value of NDVI in Bogda heritage site were obviously rising, and the average NDVI of four year were 0.362, 0.365, 0.368 and 0.423. And the annual average temperature and annual precipitation in the Bogda heritage site are increasing in 1985-2016, the temperature increased about 1-2℃, and the precipitation increased about 20mm.(4) The attribution analysis of mountain altitudinal zone changes was obtained by combining both the climate data (temperature and precipitation) and NDVI. The results indicated that: The Temperate Desert Steppe Zone, shrinking downward about 93m of its upper boundary, was the most sensitive to climate changes; the range of Mountain Coniferous Forest Zone expanded to the upper and lower in 49m; the Mountain Meadow Zone monolithic moved up about 20m with an unchanged span; the Alpine Snow-Ice Zone, retreating upward about 54m of its lower boundary, was affected by global warming. |
| 中文关键词 | 遥感 ; 博格达 ; 植被垂直带 ; DEM ; NDVI |
| 英文关键词 | remote sensing Bogda vertical vegetation zone DEM NDVI |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288202 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 冀欣阳. 天山博格达北坡山地垂直带精细刻画及变化分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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