Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
1989-2015年新疆典型湖泊时空变化及驱动机制研究 | |
其他题名 | Spatial and temporal variations of typical lakes in Xinjiang and their driving mechanisms from 1989 to 2015 |
刘玉婷 | |
出版年 | 2018 |
学位类型 | 博士 |
导师 | 陈利顶 |
学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
中文摘要 | 新疆地处中国西北干旱区,水资源极端缺乏而且时空分布不均。作为水资源一个重要的载体,湖泊在维持当地生态、减轻洪水灾害、促进社会经济活动等方面发挥着重要的作用。湖泊的时空变化是指示湖泊区域环境、气候变化、人类活动剧烈程度的信号器。在气候变化情况下,研究不同地理环境下湖泊时空变化对气候变化的响应机制具有十分重要的意义。本文选取新疆不同地理环境下的8个典型湖泊,乌伦古湖、艾比湖、赛里木湖、博斯腾湖、阿克塞钦湖、阿雅格库水库里、长虹湖、阿其克库勒湖,利用1989至2015年Landsat遥感影像数据及2003年至2009年ICESat测高卫星数据对新疆8个典型湖泊的湖泊面积、水位信息进行提取,分析了湖泊面积和水位的时空变化特征,并利用湖泊面积和水位数据对湖泊库容变化进行估算。最后根据流域内气候、土地利用数据分析了湖泊变化的驱动机制。论文的主要研究成果体现在以下几个方面:(1)基于坡度信息和面向对象方法改进了遥感水体面积提取的“全域-局域”分布迭代方法。由于新疆有着多山脉分布地形特点,山体阴影会给湖泊面积的提取带来很大误差,实现遥感影像大范围湖泊边界范围的识别与提取对湖泊研究致关重要。本文在“全域-局域”分布迭代方法的基础上,添加了坡度信息及面向对象方法,改进了湖泊信息的自动化遥感提取方法。此方法能够快速消除山体阴影等不利因素,快速确定局域范围,对于精确提取湖泊面积提供了有效的途径。(2)利用Landsat遥感影像,构建了基于Landsat TM、ETM+、OLI遥感影像传感器的长时间序列观测数据,分析了新疆8个典型湖泊近30年来湖泊面积的时空变化特征。结果表明:①1989年至2015年新疆8个典型湖泊总体上面积呈增加的趋势。新疆8个典型湖泊总面积由1992年的4019.27km2增加到2015年的4478.57km2,变化比例11.43%,增加速率为20.467km2/年。②在1989年至2015年不同海拔类型的湖泊面积变化趋势不同。高山湖泊(赛里木湖、阿克塞钦湖、阿雅格库水库里、长虹湖、阿其克库勒湖),面积呈现不同上升趋势,面积变化率0.1772 km2/年至17.604 km2/年。其中,面积上升速率最低的是位于天山西北处的赛里木湖,在过去的30年中赛里木湖面积增大了3.9 km2。面积上升速率最快的是位于昆仑山的阿雅格库水库里,在1991年至2015年间,阿雅格库水库里面积由631.35km2增加到993.73km2。非高山湖泊(乌伦古湖、艾比湖、博斯腾湖),面积呈现不同下降趋势,面积变化率-0.6351 km2/年至-3.5531 km2/年。其中,非高山湖泊中面积下降速率最低、最快的分别为位于准噶尔盆地的乌伦古湖及天山以北的艾比湖。(3)利用ICESat激光测高卫星,分析了新疆8个典型湖泊2003年至2009年湖泊水位时空变化特征。结果表明,新疆8个典型湖泊的水位变化特征各不相同,但又有一定的相似性。高山湖泊(赛里木湖、阿克塞钦湖、阿雅格库水库里、长虹湖、阿其克库勒湖),水位呈现不同上升,水位上升变化率0.06米/年至0.58米/年。非高山湖泊(乌伦古湖、艾比湖、博斯腾湖),水位呈现不同下降,水位下降变化率- 0.01米/年至- 0.40米/年。(4)分析了整个新疆和8个典型湖泊区域气候特征及土地利用变化。首先,整体上分析了新疆降水、气温空间变化特征。在全疆范围内,降水变化率-1.83mm/年至5.25mm/年,气温变化率-0.03 oC/年至0.06oC/年。再次,对新疆8个典型湖泊流域内气温、降水变化特征进行分析,在不同流域内气候变化特征不同年降水量范围从-0.7304mm/年至2.8725mm/年不等,年平均气温范围从-0.0098oC/年至0.0518 oC/年不等。新疆土地利用变化,应用1990年、2000年、2010年、2015年土地利用数据分析了新疆耕地、草地、居民地、水域、未利用土地、林地的土地利用比例变化特征。结果表明,在过去的25年中,新疆整体耕地、居民地、水域面积在不断增加,草地、未利用地在不断的减少,而林地在2000年出现起伏变化。在土地利用数据基础上,提取了非高山湖泊,艾比湖、博斯腾湖、乌伦古湖流域内土地利用变化特征。(5)分析了湖泊对气候特征及土地利用变化的响应机制。结果表明,①湖泊面积对降水因子的响应,除了赛里木湖与降水没有相关性以外,其余的湖泊与降水呈正相关性。②湖泊面积对气温因子的响应,除艾比湖、乌伦古湖与气温呈较弱的负相关性以外,剩余的湖泊与气温呈正相关性。③湖泊受人类活动影响方面,博斯腾湖、艾比湖受居民用水、耕地灌溉用水影响,乌伦古湖受草地灌溉用水、耕地灌溉用水影响。 |
英文摘要 | Xinjiang is an arid province in Northwestern China, and its water resources are scarce and unevenly distributed temporally and spatially. As an important water body, lakes play a very crucial role to sustain the local ecosystem, mitigate flooding hazard, and benefit social economic development, etc. The spatial and temporal changes of lakes is a reflection of local environment, climate change, and human activity. With the global warming, it is very important to study the spatial and temporal changes of lakes and their responses to climate change. This thesis chose 8 typical lakes with different geological settings in Xinjiang, namely, Ebinur lake, Ulungur lake, Bosten lake, Akasai chin lake, Chang hong lake, Aqqikkol lake, Ayakekum lake, Sayram lake. We then extracted lake areas from Landsate images from 1989 to 2015, and lake levels from ICESat dataset from 2003 to 2009, of these 8 lakes, and analyzed their spatial and temporal characteristics of lake areas, lake levels and lake volumes. Finally, we assessed the driving forces of these changes of lake areas by analyzing their relationships with climate variables and landuse data. The main conclusions are below:(1) We improved the “global-local” distributed iteration method for lake area extraction, based on slope information and object-oriented concept. Due to large mountains in Xinjiang, their shadows will impact the lake water extraction from remote sensing and causes significant errors on the results. The proposed method will diminish this impact by implementing slope correction and object-oriented concept. This method can significant detect local area and their improve the accuracy of extracted lake areas.(2) We analyzed spatial and temporal changes of lake areas of these 8 lakes based on lake area time series based on Landsat images. Results show: generally there is an increasing trend in their total area, with total area increasing from 4019.27km2 in 1992 to 4478.57km2 in 2014, with a rate of 20.467km2/a. Lakes with different elevation ranges show different rends. For high-elevation mountain lakes Akasai chin lake, Chang hong lake, Aqqikkol lake, Ayakekum lake, Sayram lake, lake area changes range from 0.1772km2/a to 17.604km2/a, with the lowest increase of 3.9 km2 in the past 30 years (Sayam lake), and highest increase from 631.35km2 to 993.73km2 in Ayakekum lake. Other lakes Ebinur lake, Ulungur lake, Bosten lake decreases from -0.6351km2/a to -3.5531km2/a, among which, the lowest and highest decreasing lakes are Ulungur lake and Ebinur lake. (3) We analyzed the lake level changes of these 8 lakes from 2003 to 2009 based on ICESat dataset. Results show: high elevation mountain lakes Akasai chin lake, Chang hong lake, Aqqikkol lake, Ayakekum lake, Sayram lake have an increasing trend with rates from 0.06m/a to 0.58/a, while other lakes Ebinur lake, Ulungur lake, Bosten lake have a decreasing trend with rates from -0.01m/a to -0.40m/a. (4) We analyzed changes of climate variables and landuse. In the entire Xinjiang, the precipitation change rate ranges from 1.83mm/a to 5.25mm/a, while temperature from -0.03oC/a to 0.06oC/a; and different lake watersheds, annual precipitation varies from -0.7304mm/a to 2.8725mm/a, while mean annual temperature from -0.0098oC/a to 0.0518oC/a. Landuse change indicates that over the past 25 years, there is an increase in farm land and urban area while decrease in grassland and non-utilized area. We also analyzed landuse change at each lake watershed.(5) We assessed the relationships between lake areas and climate variables and landuse. Results indicate: lake area has a positive response to annual precipitation except Sayram lake while it has a positive response to temperature except Ebinur lake and Ulungur lake; some lakes are also impacted by human activity, for example, Bosten lake, Ebinur lake and Ulungur lake by irrigation or human daily consumption. |
中文关键词 | 气候变化 ; 影像 ; 湖泊面积 ; 水位 |
英文关键词 | climate change Landsat ICESat lake surface area lake level |
语种 | 中文 |
国家 | 中国 |
来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
资源类型 | 学位论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288197 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘玉婷. 1989-2015年新疆典型湖泊时空变化及驱动机制研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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