Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 土壤改良剂对风沙土性质及植物生长的影响研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Influence of Soil Amendment on Sandy Soil Properties and Plant Growth |
| 喜银巧 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 赵英 ; 李生宇 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 为探究土壤改良剂对风沙土性质特别是力学性质及植物生长的影响，本研究选取羧甲基纤维素钠、磷石膏和生物炭三种常用的土壤改良剂与沙漠边缘的风沙土混合，进行盆栽实验种植棉花，测定植物生长指标，并在实验前后测定土壤理化及力学指标，同时对土壤理化指标和植物生长指标进行主成分分析及加权求和计算，建立综合改良评价体系。得到如下结论：土壤理化性质：（1）在相同灌水量条件下，改良处理后风沙土容重均比对照小，孔隙度均比对照大，且各改良处理的容重均随着改良剂添加量的增加而降低，孔隙度均随着改良剂添加量的增加而增大，灌水量对土壤容重和孔隙度影响都不大。三组处理中对风沙土容重和孔隙度影响最大的是生物炭处理，与空白对照相比，C3处理容重降低了12.06%，孔隙度增加了39.03%。（2）土壤改良剂能使强碱性的风沙土碱性变弱，但不同土壤改良剂对风沙土电导率的影响不同。无论灌水量高低，三组改良剂处理的风沙土pH均小于对照处理，且pH均随改良剂添加量的增大而减小，而灌水量对风沙土pH值的影响均为高灌水量条件下pH更小。对风沙土pH和电导率影响最大的是磷石膏处理，BG3处理风沙土pH降低至7.79，BD2处理风沙土电导率增幅高达147.67%。（3）土壤改良剂能使几乎无肥力的风沙土肥力增强，在相同灌水量条件下，改良剂处理使风沙土有机质及养分含量大部分有所增加，其中有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷及速效钾含量均随着改良剂添加量的增加而增大，全钾含量变化不大。不同灌水量处理下风沙土有机质及养分含量变化不大。对风沙土有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾影响最明显的是生物炭处理，增幅高达855.78%、621.64%、330.43%及46.95%。而对风沙土全磷影响最大的是磷石膏处理，增幅高达182.31%。土壤力学性质：（1）无论含水量高低，三种改良处理的风沙土内聚力均大于对照，且羧甲基纤维素钠>磷石膏>生物炭，但改良处理与对照相比对内摩擦角无显著影响。随着改良剂添加量的增加，内聚力随之增大，对其进行回归分析，也都得到了较好的拟合效果，但内摩擦角的变化不明显。同一添加量下，低水处理下风沙土内聚力和内摩擦角均大于高水处理，但大多数处理间差异不显著（p>0.05）。土壤改良剂及含水量主要是通过增大内聚力来提高土壤抗剪强度，但各因素间交互作用均对内聚力无显著影响；其中施用羧甲基纤维素钠对风沙土抗剪强度改良效果最佳，AD3的风沙土内聚力与对照相比增幅高达246.18%。（2）各改良处理的风沙土压缩系数均大于对照土体，对照风沙土为低压缩性土，改良处理后部分变为中压缩性土，且随着土壤改良剂添加量的增加，风沙土压缩性能逐渐增强，但显著性水平随改良剂的不同而发生变化，同时含水量对压缩系数的影响不大。对压缩系数影响最大的是羧甲基纤维素处理，AG3处理与对照相比压缩系数增幅高达83.89%。植物生长指标：（1）土壤改良剂对棉花出苗率影响不大，而灌水量对棉花出苗率有较大影响，高灌水量下棉花出苗率均大于低灌水量下。（2）土壤改良剂在棉花生长初期对株高影响不大，主要在生长中后期影响植株生长。改良剂处理后棉花的株高及基茎均大于对照处理，且随着改良剂添加量的增大而提高，在高含水量时改良剂对植物生长的影响尤为显著。灌水量对棉花生长有极大的影响，低灌水量严重抑制了植物生长。生物炭处理对棉花生长状况影响最大，棉花长势最好，与对照相比，株高涨幅高达78.73%，基茎涨幅高达36%。（3）三种改良剂处理后棉花生物量均大于对照处理，三种改良剂对棉花生物量的增长率由大到小为生物炭处理>磷石膏处理>羧甲基纤维素钠处理，且随着土壤改良剂添加量的增大，棉花生物量基本呈逐渐增加趋势，C3处理生物量比对照提高了386.93%。同时灌水量对生物量有显著的影响，低灌水量处理下的棉花生物量明显小于高灌水量处理。生物量对土壤改良剂和灌水量的响应规律与株高基茎的变化一致。综合改良体系：由综合评价方程计算得出，无论含水量高低，生物炭处理综合得分最高，其次为磷石膏处理，羧甲基纤维素钠处理得分最低，高灌水量下改良处理综合得分均大于低灌水量下，在高灌水量下综合得分进行排序为CG3> CG2> CG1> BG3> BG2> AG3> BG1> AG2> AG1，其中施加生物炭45 g/kg处理的改良效果最好。 |
| 英文摘要 | In order to explore the influence of soil amendment on sandy soil properties and plant growth, especially mechanical properties, three soil amendments includin sodium carboxymethylcellulose, phosphogypsum and biochar were mixed with sandy soil and potted for cotton cultivation. The indexes of plant growth were determined, and the physical and chemical indexes of soil were determined before and after the experiment. At the same time, principal component analysis and weighted summation calculation were applied to establish the comprehensive improvement evaluation system based on soil physical and chemical indicators and plant growth indicators.The results were as follows in conclusion:Physical and chemical property：soil amendment can make compacted sandy soil become loose and porous, soil permeability and anti-erosion ability. Under the same irrigation condition, the bulk density of sandy soil is smaller than that of CK, and the porosity is larger than that of CK. The bulk density of the three treatments decreases with the increasing amount of amendment, and the porosity increases with the addition of amendment Increasing, the amount of irrigation on soil bulk density and porosity have little effect. Compared with CK, bulk density of C3 treatment decreased by 12.06% and porosity increased by 39.03%, which greatly improved the soil bulk density and porosity, which greatly improved the soil structure.Soil amendment can weaken the alkalinity of sandy soil, but the effect of different soil amendment on the conductivity of sandy soil is different. Under the same irrigation condition, the pH of sand soil treated with three amendments was lower than that of CK, and the pH decreased with the increase of added amount. The effect of irrigation amount on pH of sandy soil was that pH was lower under high irrigation condition, phosphogypsum was the most influential factor on pH and conductivity of sandy soil, pH of BG3 decreased to 7.79, conductivity of BD2 increased by 147.67% , Making the pH of the soil more suitable for plant growth, and increasing the amount of exchangeable ions. Soil amendment can make almost no fertility of sandy soil fertility enhancement, under the same irrigation conditions, the three groups of amendment treatment of sandy soil organic matter and nutrient content are mostly improved soil fertility can be improved, including organic matter, total nitrogen, The content of total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium increased with the increase of soil amendment, while the content of total potassium did not change much. The effect of irrigation on soil organic matter and nutrient content was insignificant. The greatest impact on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium is biochar, an increase of 855.78%, 621.64%, 330.43% and 46.95%. The greatest impact on total soil phosphorus phosphogypsum treatment, an increase of up to 182.31%.Mechanical property：the soil amendment can significantly increase the cohesion of sand, the cohesion of the three amendments is larger than CK, and with the increase of the amount of soil amendment, which cohesion compared with CK sequence of growth rate of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose> phosphogypsum> biochar. Under the conditions of low water, the cohesion of sandy soil with AD3 is 24.47 kPa, which is 246.18% higher than that of CKD, and the cohesion of aeolian sandy with low water treatment is greater than that of high-water treatment. The types of soil amendments have a significant effect on the internal friction angle, but the variation law is not obvious. The addition amount of amendment has little effect on the internal friction angle of aeolian sandy soil, and at the same time, the internal friction angle of aeolian sandy soil with low water treatment slightly increases. Different types of soil amendments, additives and soil moisture mainly by increasing the cohesion of sand to improve the shear strength. The sand used in this experiment is low compressibility soil. The compressibility of sand treated by three amendments is larger than that of CK. After the modification, some of sandy soil become mesocompressive soil. With the increase of soil amendment, Compressive performance is gradually enhanced, water content has little effect on the compression factor. The greatest impact on the compression factor is carboxymethyl cellulose treatment, compared with CK，AG3 treatment coefficient increased as much as 83.89%.Plant growth index: soil amendments had little effect on the yield of cotton, and the irrigation rate had a great influence on the yield of cotton, and the yield of cotton under high irrigation was greater than that under low irrigation. Soil amendments in the early stages of cotton plant height has little effect, mainly in the late growth of the plant growth. The plant height and diameter of cotton treated with amendment were higher than that of CK, and increased with the increasing amount of amendment. The treatment of biochar had the greatest influence on the growth of cotton and the cotton grew best. Compared with CK, the height of plant rose as high as 78.73% and the diameter increased as much as 36%. Under the condition of the same amendment added amount, the amount of irrigation had a great influence on the cotton growth, and the low irrigation amount severely inhibited the plant growth. The cotton biomass of the three amendments was higher than that of CK. The growth rate of three amendments on cotton biomass was biochar> phosphogypsum> sodium carboxymethylcellulose, With the increase of soil amendment, the cotton biomass increased gradually, and the biomass of C3 treatment increased by 386.93%. At the same time, the amount of irrigation had a significant effect on the biomass, and the cotton biomass under the low irrigation was obviously less than the high irrigation. Comprehensive evaluation system: based on the comprehensive evaluation equation, the comprehensive score under high irrigation treatment was significantly greater than that under low irrigation, and the comprehensive score was CG3> CG2> CG1> BG3> BG2> AG3> BG1> AG2> AG1. The application of 45 g/kg biochar treatment under high irrigation showed the highest comprehensive score, indicating that this treatment could be the best solution to improve the properties of sandy soil and plant growth. |
| 中文关键词 | 土壤改良剂 ; 风沙土 ; 理化性质 ; 力学性质 ; 植物生长 |
| 英文关键词 | Soil amendment，Sandy soil， Physical and chemical property， Mechanical property， Plant growth |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288191 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 喜银巧. 土壤改良剂对风沙土性质及植物生长的影响研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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