Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 新疆生产建设兵团农业用水效益评价 | |
| 其他题名 | Benefit evaluation of water for agriculture utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps |
| 吕伟 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 周宏飞 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 摘要新疆生产建设兵团大规模的水土资源开发，促进新疆经济社会巨大发展的同时，也产生了一些生态环境问题。开展兵团农业水资源利用效益综合评价，对于兵团水资源高效利用以及农垦经济-生态可持续发展具有重要意义。本文利用2001-2015年兵团统计资料，在整体把握兵团农业水资源利用和经济发展现状的基础上，采用综合评价法和生态足迹模型等方法对农业水资源的经济和生态效益进行了综合评价，结合典型团场农业用水研究，提出了农业水资源合理利用对策建议。主要结果如下：（1）研究期内，兵团水资源开发利用效益和经济社会效益呈增加趋势，生态环境效益呈下降趋势，总体来说，水资源的综合效益呈总体增加趋势。水资源开发利用效益指数从2002年0.022增加到2015年0.214，经济社会效益指数从0.011增加到0.496，生态环境效益指数从0.140下降到0.025，综合效益指数从0.173增加到0.736。兵团各地农业水资源利用的综合效益存在不均衡现象，北疆各师平均综合效益好于南疆各师。2011年，北疆各师平均综合效益指数为0.460，南疆各师平均综合效益指数为0.379，十师综合效益指数最高为0.572，十四师综合效益指数最低为0.247。（2）兵团人均生态赤字呈持续扩大趋势，从2001年0.355 ha/人增加到2015年11.670 ha/人，说明兵团经济发展对区域资源的消耗已经超过了区域可承受能力范围，可持续发展面临挑战。兵团人均水资源生态足迹从2002年的7.568 ha/人下降到2015年的6.583 ha/人，而人均水资源生态承载力从0.788 ha/人下降到0.554 ha/人，人均水资源生态足迹显著高于人均水资源生态承载力。可见，现有的水资源利用模式是以牺牲生态为代价、不可持续的。（3）典型团场的农业用水研究表明，目前，222团存在生态用水得不到保证，地下水水位持续下降危及农田防护林和自然荒漠植被生存等问题。团场为追求农业经济发展，过度开发水资源，导致垦区生态安全隐患增加。222团的农田冬灌水量在2006年为615.44×104 m3，而2013年以后则减小到0；林业灌溉缺水量达到325.50×104 m3；地下水埋深从2002年的2.06 m增加到2015年7.10 m。总之，进入21世纪以来，虽然兵团水资源的综合效益总体上呈增加趋势，但生态赤字不断扩大，兵团农垦经济的可持续发展面临巨大的挑战，需要通过优化产业结构，降低农业用水，保障生态用水等措施，实现兵团经济-生态的协调发展。关键词：新疆生产建设兵团，水资源利用，农业用水，经济-生态效益，综合评价 |
| 英文摘要 | AbstractThe large-scale exploitation of water and land resources by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) has made great contribution to economic and social development of Xinjiang. Meanwhile, it has also led to some problems in the ecological environment. Comprehensive evaluation of agricultural water resources utilization was of great significance for both effective utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of economy and ecology for agricultural reclamation. Using the statistical data from 2001 to 2015 of XPCC in this paper, the current situation about water resources utilization and economic development were analyzed. Comprehensive evaluation method and ecological footprint model were used to assess the benefit of economy and ecology for agricultural water use. Combinning with the research of typical farm, the countermeasures for rational utilization of agricultural water resources were put forward. The main results showed that:（1）During the study period, both the water resources exploitation benefit and economic-social benefit all showed an upward trend, however, the ecological environment benefit showed a downward trend. As a whole, the comprehensive benefit showed an upward trend. The index of water resources exploitation benefit increased from 0.022 in 2002 to 0.214 in 2015, and the index of economic-social benefit increased from 0.011 to 0.496. However, the index of ecological environment benefit decreased from 0.140 to 0.025. The index of comprehensive benefit increased from 0.173 to 0.736. The index of average comprehensive benefit for agricultural water use in North Xinjiang of XPCC was better than that of South Xinjiang, which revealed the comprehensive benefit of regional agricultural water utilization was unbalanced. In 2011, the index of average comprehensive benefit of North Xinjiang was 0.460, while that of South Xinjiang was 0.379. Among all the divisions, the tenth division had the highest comprehensive benefit index of 0.572, while the fourteenth division had the lowest one of 0.247.（2）The per capita ecological deficit of XPCC was continuing to expand from 0.355 ha/cap in 2001 to 11.670 ha/cap in 2015, which indicated that the consumption of resources exceeded regional affordability and the sustainable development was facing challenge under the economic development. The per capita ecological footprint of water resource decreased from 7.568 ha/cap to 6.583 ha/cap, while the per capita ecological carrying capacity of water resource decreased from 0.788 ha/cap to 0.554 ha/cap in 2002 to 2015. The per ecological footprint of water resources was much higher than that of ecological carrying capacity, suggesting that the current way of water resources utilization was at the cost of ecological environment and in an unsustainable condition.（3）Research on agricultural water use in the typical farm showed that, currently, ecological water can not be guaranteed in No. 222 state farm of XPCC. Groundwater level continued to decline in the farm, which endangered the survial of farmland shelterbelt and natural desert vegetation. In order to pursue agricultural economic growth, the water resources was overexploited, leading to an increase of ecological risks. The content of winterirrigation was 615.44×104 m3 in 2006, but it decreased to 0 after 2013. There still needed 325.50×104 m3 of water to afford farmland forest. The depth of groundwater was increased from 2.06 m in 2002 to 7.10 m in 2015.In conclusion, since the 21th Century, the comprehensive benefit of the water resources for XPCC showed an upward trend, but the ecological deficit was continuing to expand. The sustainable development of XPCC was facing great challenges. To realize the coordinated development of economy and ecology, some measures were suggested such as optimizing the industrial structure, reducing the water of agriculture utilization and ensuring the ecological water.Keywords：Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps; Water resources utilization; Agricultural water; Economic and ecological benefit; Comprehensive evaluation |
| 中文关键词 | 新疆生产建设兵团 ; 水资源利用 ; 农业用水 ; 经济-生态效益 ; 综合评价 |
| 英文关键词 | Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps，Water resources utilization，Agricultural water，Economic and ecological benefits，Comprehensive evaluation |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288189 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 吕伟. 新疆生产建设兵团农业用水效益评价[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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