Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 中国假木贼属植物谱系地理学研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The phylogeographic study of Anabasis L. in China |
| 汪勇 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 张明理 ; 张道远 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 假木贼属（Anabasis L.)在我国产8 种，分布于西北干旱区，主要生于冲积扇、戈壁滩等处，为典型的干旱区荒漠植物。本研究对中国假木贼属及短叶假木贼的谱系地理学、潜在分布区进行分析，旨在了解其遗传多样性及遗传结构并探究其对古气候变迁的响应机制。1. 中国短叶假木贼的谱系地理学研究 基于叶绿体基因psbA-trnH 和ycf6-psbM 对短叶假木贼25 个居群198 份材料进行分析，得到16 个叶绿体单倍型。Permut 分析表明其在分布区内具有显著的谱系结构（NST﹥GST，P﹤0.05)。根据SAMOVA 的结果将短叶假木贼25 个居群分为四个谱系地理组。基于BEAST 分析短叶假木贼16 个叶绿体单倍型的分化时间，大约发生在2.1795Ma，即更新世早期。短叶假木贼的分化时间可能与更新世早期中国西北地区气候变干变冷有关。分布区预测与错配分析的结果均表明短叶假木贼自第四纪末次冰期以来，地理分布格局基本没有发生变化。2. 中国假木贼属植物的谱系地理学研究 我们对中国西北干旱区的假木贼属7 个种进行谱系地理学研究。通过构建系统发育树，发现假木贼属内种间界限明显，并且Network 图也证实了该结果。基于分子钟分析，假木贼属的分化时间处于6.3394Ma，即第三纪末期。种内的分化时间处于1.838-0.217Ma，即更新世早期到更新世中期。我们推测第三纪末-第四纪初青藏高原的剧烈隆所引起的气候波动，对中国假木贼属及属内种的分化起到了重要的作用。该属具有较宽的生态幅，在气候波动情况下，能适应极端的环境条件，进而表现出自第四纪末次冰期以来地理分布格局基本保持稳定的状态。3. 中国假木贼属地理分布及潜在分布区预测 基于最大熵模型（MaxEnt)，预测7 个种的潜在分布区及该属的多样性中心。结果显示：（1）白垩假木贼、高枝假木贼、毛足假木贼、无叶假木贼、盐生假木贼和展枝假木贼的潜在适生区主要集中在新疆北部、天山南麓及塔里木盆地西侧。短叶假木贼的潜在适生区集中在新疆、甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古的部分地区。（2）中国假木贼属的多样性中心集中在新疆准噶尔盆地、天山南麓、塔里木盆地西侧及甘肃西北部的河西走廊。关键词：中国假木贼属，谱系地理学，西北干旱区，青藏高原，分布区稳定 |
| 英文摘要 | Anabasis L. contains 8 species in China, widely distributes in NorthwesternChina and as a typical eremophytes, growing in alluvial fans, gobi desert. We want to know the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Anabasis L. and Anabasis brevifolia. And we also want to know how they response to paleoclimate change.1. The phylogeographic study of Anabasis brevifolia in China Sixteen haplotypes were detected in 198 individuals from twenty-five populations based on two chloroplast DNA sequences (i.e. psbA-trnH and ycf6-psbM). Genetic data demonstrated that phylogeographic structure exists across the species’ entire distributional range of Anabasis brevifolia by Permut (NST ﹥ GST, P ﹤ 0.05). Four geographical groups were distinguished by spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). Based on BEAST analysis, 16 haplotypes of A. brevifolia resolved as a monophyletic clade, and intraspecific divergence time was estimated approximately at 2.1795 Ma, which is consistent with aridification in Northwestern China during the early Pleistocene. Species distribution modelling (SDM) and pairwise mismatchdistributions both indicted that A. brevifolia maintained a consistently potential distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).2. The phylogeographic study of Anabasis L. in China To understand the evolutionary history of Anabasis L., we studied the phylogeography of seven species of this genus. In this study, phylogenetic tree was constructed and found that all chloroplast haplotypes are species-specific, and the result of Network support it. The molecular clock suggested that the main divergencetime for interspecific of Anabasis L. occurred during the late Tertiary (6.3394 Ma). While the main divergence time for intraspecific of Anabasis L. occurred during the early Pleistocene to the middle Pleistocene (1.838-0.217 Ma). So, we can infer that with the change of climatic caused by violent uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the end of the Tertiary to the early of Quaternary may caused differentiation of Anabasis L.. Anabasis L. as a typically super dry-tolerant semi-shrub with widely ecological amplitude can maintained a consistently potential distribution area faced with the extreme environment compared with others species during the Quaternary last glacial period.3. Geographical distribution and prediction on potential distribution areas of Anabasis L. in China Based upon the maximum entropy model, potential distribution areas and diversity center of Chinese Anabasis L. were predicted. The results show that:(1) Anabasis cretacea, Anabasis elatior, Anabasis eriopoda, Anabasis aphylla, Anabasis salsa and Anabasis truncata have extensively potential distribution in the north ofXinjiang, the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain and west margin of Tarim Basin. While Anabasis brevifolia has extensively potential distribution in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia etc. (2) Through the calculation of species richness, we found that the diversity center of Chinese Anabasis L. mainly concentrated in the Xinjiang Junggar basin, southern slope of Tianshan Mountain, west margin of Tarim Basin and Hexi Corridor in the northwest of Gansu.Key Words: Anabasis L., Phylogeography, Northwestern China, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Consistently potential distribution |
| 中文关键词 | 中国假木贼属 ; 谱系地理学 ; 西北干旱区 ; 青藏高原 ; 分布区稳定 |
| 英文关键词 | Anabasis L. Phylogeography Northwestern China Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Consistently potential distribution |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 植物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288169 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 汪勇. 中国假木贼属植物谱系地理学研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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