Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 新疆绿洲系统能值代谢结构、机制及效率研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on The Mechanism and Efficiency of Emergy Metabolism of Oasis System in Xinjiang |
| 常烃 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 杨德刚 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文研究的是和田地区绿洲能值代谢体系。首先基于能值理论，建立了绿洲系统能值代谢的评价体系，包括：（1）绿洲系统能值流的模型，分析绿洲系统能值代谢的基本组成与评价指标；（2）绿洲系统能值的指标分解模型，包括净能值量（U）的指数分解法和能值可持续指数（ESI）的指数分解法；（3）建立基于SBM的绿洲系统能值代谢效率模型。使用能值计算的理论方与法，分析和田地区绿洲能值代谢构成与复合指标评价，研究结果表明：（1）和田地区的能值水平较低，整个地区依然是以农业生产为主的绿洲生态系统。（2）产出能值量经历了“上升——下降——上升——平稳”四个阶段。（3）从能值外向度（EER）与能值自给率（ESR）可以看出，和田地区外界输入能值主要依靠中央财政拨付与援疆资金，进出口能值占比较小。（4）空间分异上来看，和田地区内部各县市的差异明显，工业化进程缓慢，总能值量呈现两极分化的态势。（5）和田地区的经济发展依然摆脱不了以本地资源为主的经济模式。（6）能值可持续指数持续下降，环境负载率较低，整个绿洲系统虽然在不断优化，但依然处于发展中阶段，仍然属于典型的以农业为主的生产系统。绿洲系统指标分解结果显示：（1）经济因素是拉动净能值量增长最大的因素；劳动力因素在10年间对能值可持续指数减少的贡献排在第二位。因此大力提高人均生产总值与提高劳动生产率，既能够增加地区净能值量，也能够减小能值可持续指数的数值，对于经济发展与生态环境的可持续发展来说是有利的。（2）人口因素对净能值量的拉动作用不明显，人口数量的增加并没有明显拉动净能值量的增加，和田地区对人口因素的调整重点在于应增强人口的素质，加大教育投入力度，调整三次产业人口比例，贫困人口的脱贫致富等方面。（3）效率因素是减少净能值量的最大因素，结构因素的拉动作用有限。外界输入能值的增加即投资回报率的降低，虽然如此多的外部输入能值对净能值量的拉动作用相对不明显，但国家仍然需要对和田地区进行援助，同时应提高投资与援助资金的使用效率，使其持续发挥作用，逐渐对和田地区的经济产生带动拉动作用。（4）技术因素与环境因素在很小的范围内对能值可持续指数有抑制与增加作用。分析绿洲能值代谢的效率得出以下结论：明确了和田地区在实现可持续发展模式过程中的能值代谢效率改进方向和重点，得出了重要的学术结论和实践指导建议。（1）和田市承载了超过其承受范围的生态压力。和田地区的生态效率指数在2005-2015年基本保持平稳，变化幅度很小。和田地区的财富指数水平很低，经济社会发展维持着较低水平的状况，还有逐年降低的趋势。（2）总体而言，和田地区自然环境条件起到了更大的作用，即土地面积越大、人口越稀少，规模效益越大。（3）由于非可再生资源能源投入的增多，地区废弃物能值的加速排放，以及较少的进口与产出能值，导致绿洲系统生态环境压力增大，使得绿洲代谢综合效率不断降低。（4）和田地区整体能值代谢效率偏低，代谢效率值较高的县市与代谢效率值较低的县市差距较大。资源环境投入未能达到相对较优的期望产出，能值代谢效率具有较大的提升空间。目前和田地区的发展仍然属于粗放型特征，与经济产出相比，以本地资源消费为主，经济对外开放度低。未来发展中，应从提高非可再生资源的投入和增加外界投入资金等方面来改善绿洲能值代谢效率。利用线性回归模型，从实证数据角度检验了和田地区经济发展水平、产业结构、城市化发展水平、国家资金支持、人力资本以及科技发展水平等6个因素对绿洲能值代谢效率的影响，结果表明：经济发展水平和人力资本对绿洲能值代谢效率的影响较大，其中经济发展降低了绿洲能值代谢效率，说明和田地区的经济增长方式过于粗放，不能有效利用资源。人力资本的增加对绿洲能值代谢效率起到正向拉动作用，说明人口的有序增长对和田地区的经济发展与效率提升有促进作用。产业结构、国家支援力度、城市化发展水平和科学技术水平四个自变量对绿洲能值代谢效率没有明显相关性，这表明在现有经济发展水平下这些影响因素对和田地区的绿洲能值代谢效率产生的影响十分有限。最后根据分析结果，针对绿洲地区的实际情况，为和田地区指出可持续发展的路径选择与政策建议。地区的经济发展水平、人口素质、产业结构、环境保护等的改善对绿洲能值系统的优化与效率的提升有着重要作用 |
| 英文摘要 | In this paper, we studied the metabolism of oasis emergy system of Hotan Prefecture. Evaluation system of the metabolism of oasis emergy system is established based on emergy theory, including: (1) we established the model of flow of the oasis emergy system and analysed the basic component and evaluation indexes of the metabolism of oasis emergy system; (2) the index decomposition model of flow of oasis system, including the index decomposition model of net emergy value (U) and the emergy sustainability index (ESI). (3) we established the efficiency model of the metabolism of oasis emergy system based on SBM.Using the theory and method of emergy calculation, we analysed the metabolic composition and composite index evaluation of oasis emergy in Hotan Prefecture, and the research results showed that: (1) The emergy level of Hotan Prefecture is low, the entire Prefecture is still dominant by agricultural production of oasis ecosystem. (2) The amount of output emergy has experienced four stages: "rise - down - up - steady". (3) Emergy export-oriented ratio (EER) and emergy self-sufficiency ratio (ESR) showing that import emergy of Hotan Prefecture mainly rely on the appropriations from the Statetreasury and Xinjiang-aiding funds. Import and export emergy are relatively small. (4) In terms of spatial differentiation, there are obvious differences among counties and cities in Hotan Prefecture, and the industrialization process is slow. The total emergy presents a trend of polarization. (5) The economic development of Hotan Prefecture still cannot get rid of the local resource - oriented economic model. (6) Emergy sustainability index continues to decline and environmental load rate is low. Although the oasis system is constantly optimized, but is still at the developing stage and belongs to the typical predominantly agricultural production system.The index decomposition of oasis system shows that: (1) The economic factor is one of the largest factors that stimulate economic growth. Labour factor contributed the second most to the decline in the emergy sustainability index over a decade. So, we need to greatly improve the per capita GDP and improve labor productivity. These measures can not only increase the net emergy of region, but also reduce value of the emergy sustainability index, which is beneficial to economic development and the sustainable development of the ecological environment. (2) The population factor on the net emergy that stimulate economic growth is not obvious, the increase of population, the adjustment of population factors should be enhanced the population quality, increase investment in education, adjust the three industry proportion, and get rid of poverty and become better and so on. (3) The efficiency factor is the biggest factors that reduce the net emergy. Structure factors has a limited driving effect. Increase of import emegy that reduced the return on investment. This shows that the aid funds have produced a positive influence on the economic development but are yet to play a greater role in the coming years. China should not only provide aid continuously but also improve the utilization efficiency of external investment and aid funds. The intent is to ensure that the external investment and aid funds constantly play a great role and gradually promote the economic development. (4) Technical factor and environmental factor have inhibiting and increasing role on the emergy sustainability index in a small range.Analysis of the efficiency of oasis emergy metabolism draw the following conclusions: made clear of direction and key to improve the efficiency of emergy metabolism in the process of sustainable development mode of Hotan Prefecture. I concluded important academic and practical guidance advice. (1) The ecological pressure of Hotan city hosted exceeds its range. The ecological efficiency index from 2005 to 2015 basic stable and change is very small. Wealth index has a low level; the social and economic development conditions maintaining the lower levels, and tends to decrease year by year. (2) In general, the natural environment condition played a more important role, namely that the land area is larger and the more populated, the economies of scale reater. (3) Due to the increasing of the non renewable resources of export emergy, the acceleration of district waste emergy, and fewer import and export emergy, pressure on ecological environment in the oasis system increases and makes the oasis metabolism synthesis efficiency decrease. (4) The overall efficiency of the emergy metabolism in Hotan Prefecture is low. The counties that have higher metabolic efficiency and which lower differ greatly. Resources and environment input failed to live up to the expectations of a relatively optimal output. Emergy metabolism has great room to improve efficiency. At present, the development of the Hotan Prefecture still belongs to extensive features, and compared with economic output that is given priority with local resources consumption and low economic growingly opened., we should improve the renewable resources input and increase the investment of funds, etc in future development to improve the efficiency of oasis emergy metabolism.With linear regression model, I tested six factors which are regional economic development level, industrial structure, urbanization development level, the national financial support, human capital, development level of science and technology and so on that influence on the efficiency of the oasis emergy metabolism by empirical data. The results show that economic development level and human capital have great influence on metabolic efficiency of oasis emergy. Which economic development level reduces the oasis economic development efficiency of emergy metabolism and show that Hotan's economic growth mode is too extensive to effective use of resources. The increase of human capital plays a positive role in emergy metabolism efficiency of oasis so that the orderly growth of population has a promoting effect on the economic development and efficiency improvement of Hotan. Four independent variables which are industrial structure, the level of state support, the urbanization development level of scientific and technological level have no obvious correlation on the oasis emergy metabolic efficiency. This indicates that these factors have a limited impact on emerfy metabolic efficiency of Hotan oasis region under the existing economic development level.According to the analysis results and the actual situation of oasis, I pointed out sustainable development path choice and policy suggestion to Hotan. Region's economic development level, population quality, industrial structure and the improvement of environmental protection play an important role on optimization and promote the efficiency of the oasis emergy system. |
| 中文关键词 | 能值 ; 绿洲系统代谢 ; 新疆和田 ; 指标分解法 ; SBM |
| 英文关键词 | Emergy Metabolism of oasis system Xinjiang Hotan index decomposition analysis (IDA) Slacks-based Model (SBM) |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 人文地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288161 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 常烃. 新疆绿洲系统能值代谢结构、机制及效率研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [常烃]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [常烃]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [常烃]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
