Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 策勒绿洲典型经济林种生产水足迹研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on Production Water Footprint of Primary Economic Forest in Cele Oasis |
| 金谦 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 高霄鹏 ; 桂东伟 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 塔里木盆地南缘绿洲作为新疆绿洲主要分布区域，农业和种植业分布广泛，近些年由于红枣、核桃等林果的市场价值远高于传统小麦、玉米和棉花等传统农产品，使得大量的传统农田被转化为经济林种，这导致绿洲水资源消耗出现新的变化特征及其不确定性特征。因此，为了维持绿洲生态安全及可持续发展，需要以水为主线，尤其是注重绿洲本身耗水规律及其特征研究。因此在当前加强以农业为主的耗水特征研究，通过掌握绿洲水资源耗散规律实现量入为出，对控制绿洲适宜规模并保障绿洲的稳定性有重要意义。本研究依托策勒国家站，以当地主要经济树种核桃以及矮化红枣为研究对象，利用TDP热扩散探针技术，对核桃以及矮化红枣的液流特征进行长期监测，研究其液流变化规律；同时记录试验地的环境因子，分析两种果树的树干液流对环境因子的响应；结合水量平衡方程对果树在田间尺度的蒸散发耗水量进行估计，并计算两种果树的生产水足迹。通过对典型果树耗水特征及水足迹的揭示，可以为绿洲农业水资源优化配置提供理论及应用支撑。主要结果和结论如下：1）两种果树树干液流有明显的昼夜规律与季节特征。白天两种果树树干液流活动强烈，晚上维持较低水平。树干液流活动启动与太阳辐射开始有一定的“滞后”现象，这是由于树干内存在水势压差导致。核桃树干液流有明显的早高峰现象，呈现双峰曲线；而红枣则没有这种现象，呈现单峰曲线。夏季的液流活动最剧烈，其次是春季，秋季则相对平稳。2）环境因子对树干液流活动也有影响。通过将各个环境因子与树干液流速率做偏相关分析发现，太阳辐射强度对树干液流速率的影响作用最大，其次是大气温度，相对湿度，最后是风速。其中树干液流活动与太阳辐射强度，大气温度以及风速成正比，与相对湿度成反比。3）根据果树在单株尺度蒸腾耗水量与其胸径之间的换算关系，外推计算得到两种果树在田间尺度上的蒸腾耗水量。两种果树的年均蒸腾耗水量分别是核桃87.23m3/亩，矮化红枣年均蒸腾耗水量为342.7m3/亩。4）基于水量平衡方法结合水足迹基本理论，一个生育期内计算得到每亩桃试验地的总需水量为182.78m3，实际蒸散发耗水量为233.3m3。基于核桃实际耗水量的生产水足迹为2.43m3/Kg，基于核桃总需水量的生产水足迹为1.90m3/Kg；每亩红枣试验地的总需水量为450.4m3，实际蒸散发耗水量为530.1m3。基于红枣实际耗水量的生产水足迹为4.31m3/Kg，基于红枣总需水量的生产水足迹为3.66m3/Kg。 |
| 英文摘要 | The oasis in the southern margin of the Tarim Basin is the main distribution area of the Xinjiang Oasis. Agriculture and planting industries are widely distributed. In recent years, the market value of red dates, walnuts, and other fruits is much higher than that of traditional agricultural products such as traditional wheat, corn, and cotton, resulting in a large amount of traditional farmland. It has been transformed into an economic forest species, which has led to new changes in the water consumption of oasis and its uncertain characteristics. Therefore, in order to maintain the ecological security and sustainable development of the oasis, it is necessary to use water as the main line, especially focusing on the study of the water consumption rules and characteristics of the oasis itself. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the study of water consumption characteristics based on agriculture, and to realize the consumption of the oasis water resources, and to control the appropriate scale of the oasis and ensure the stability of the oasis on, the study focused on the use of TDP thermal diffusion probe technology for the long-term monitoring of the flow characteristics of walnuts and dwarf red dates in order to study the flow patterns of walnut trees and dwarf red dates. At the same time record the environmental factors of the test site, analyze the response of the sap flow to the environmental factors of the two fruit trees; combine the water balance equation to estimate the evapotranspiration of the fruit trees in the field scale, and calculate the production water footprint of the two fruit trees. By revealing the characteristics of water consumption and water footprint of typical fruit trees, it can provide theoretical and practical support for the optimal allocation of oasis agricultural water resources. The main results and conclusions are as follows:1) The sap flow of the two fruit trees has obvious circadian and seasonal characteristics. During the day, the sap flow of the two fruit trees was intense and maintained at a low level in the evening. There is a certain “lag” in the initiation of stem flow activity and the beginning of solar radiation. This is due to the difference in water potential within the trunk. There is a clear early peak phenomenon in the sap flow of the walnut, showing a double peak curve; while the red dates do not have this phenomenon, showing a single peak curve. In the summer, the flow of fluids is the most intense, followed by the spring, and the autumn is relatively stable.2) Environmental factors also have an effect on the sap flow activity. Through the partial correlation analysis between the environmental factors and the sap flow rate, it is found that the solar radiation intensity has the greatest effect on the sap flow rate, followed by the atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, and finally the wind speed. The sap flow activity is proportional to solar radiation intensity, atmospheric temperature and wind speed, and inversely proportional to relative humidity.3) According to the conversion relationship between the transpiration water consumption and the diameter of the DBH of the fruit tree in the individual plant size, the transpiration water consumption of the two fruit trees in the field scale is calculated by extrapolation. The annual average transpiration water consumption of the two fruit trees is 1308.45m3/ha of walnut, and the annual average transpiration water consumption of dwarf red dates is 5140.5m3/ha.4) Based on the water balance method combined with the water footprint calculation theory, the total water requirement of walnuts was calculated to be 2741.7 m3//ha in one growth period and 3499.5 m3/ha in actual evapotranspiration. The production water footprint based on the actual water consumption of walnuts is 2.43m3/Kg, the production water footprint based on the total water requirement of walnuts is 1.90m3/Kg, the total water requirement of red dates is 6756m3/ha, and the actual water consumption for evapotranspiration is 7951.5. m3/ha. The production water footprint based on the actual water consumption of jujube was 4.31m3/Kg, and the production water footprint based on the total water requirement of jujube was 3.66m3/Kg. |
| 中文关键词 | 绿洲 ; 经济林 ; 水足迹 ; 蒸散发 ; 水量平衡 |
| 英文关键词 | Oasis Economic forest Water Footprint Evapotranspiration Thermal diffusion. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288160 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 金谦. 策勒绿洲典型经济林种生产水足迹研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [金谦]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [金谦]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [金谦]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
