Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 火烧对古尔班通古特沙漠土壤养分及植物群落特征的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Responds of soil nutrient characteristics and plant communities to fire disturbance in Gurbantungott desert |
| 林亚军 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 张元明 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究对单次过火对古尔班通古特沙漠土壤养分和植物群落特征的生态效应进行了研究，探查了植物（草本层）的密度及多样性组成变化，阐明了土壤养分及微生物生物量的变化。通过以上研究，弥补火烧干扰对古尔班通古特沙漠影响研究的空白，为古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠生态系统的保育与管理提供理论参考。火烧干扰对古尔班通古特沙漠土壤养分的影响具有滞后效应。火烧当年速效氮含量发生显著改变，尤其是硝态氮含量在0-5cm土壤层增加49.42%，与未火烧区达到显著性差异。一年后土壤养分含量整体低于未过火区，尤其是5-10cm土壤层速效养分含量均显著低于未过火区。火烧当年土壤水解酶（蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶）活性极显著降低，0-5cm土壤层降幅最为明显。过氧化氢酶活性对火烧无明显响应。火烧一年后，土壤水解酶活性仍低于对照区，降幅减小，但仍未恢复至火前水平。水解酶和氧化酶对火烧干扰响应不一，过火后，氧化酶（过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶）活性不受影响。火烧干扰对古尔班通古特沙漠草本层植物群落更新具有促进作用。过火后，草本层物种多样性降低，物种分布均匀度降低。火烧改变了各物种密度分布格局。条叶庭荠（Alyssum linifolium）在过火后种群密度增加3.97倍。囊果(Carex physodes)密度增加2.44倍。角果藜（Ceratocarpus arenarius）、琉苞菊（Hyalea pulchella）在过火后种群密度分别降低0.75、1.15倍。尖喙牻牛儿苗（Erodium oxyrrhynchum）、齿稃草(Schismus arabicus)在过火之后，其种群密度未发生显著改变。物种密度的更新与物种生活型无关。火烧对草本层各植物的种群密度、株高、冠幅、生物量具有不同的影响。优势物种尖喙牻牛儿苗在过火后种群密度不变，单株水平上，个体株高、冠幅、生物量显著增加。条叶庭荠在过火后种群密度显著增加，个体株高、冠幅、生物量显著降低。综上所述，火烧干扰对古尔班通古特沙漠地上植被及地下土壤系统影响显著。该研究结果，为火烧干扰对该地区生态影响提供有力参考依据，为该荒漠生态系统的保育提供理论支持。 |
| 英文摘要 | Fire disturbance changes indirectly ecosystem service function by affecting plant community structure, functional traits and soil nutrients. Guerbantungott desert, as the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China, the study on the effects of fire and burning on ecosystem is still blank. Our study explores responding of soil nutrient characteristics and plant communities to fire disturbance in Gurbantunggut desert.Through our study, we can make up for the blank of the research about the effect of fire on the Guerbantungott desert, providing a theoretical reference for the conservation and management of the desert ecosystem of the Guerbantungott desert.The effect of fire disturbance on soil nutrients in Guerbantungott desert was delayed. Only available nutrients had changed after fire disturbance, and the soil nutrient content was significantly lower than that in the unburned area. The nitrate content in 0-5cm soil layer increased 49.42%, especially, which was significantly different from that in unburned area. one year after the fire, This effect has a sustained effect and is expected to be difficult to recover to pre-fire levels in the short period.Fire disturbance has an immediate effect on soil enzyme activity in Guerbantungott desert.the activity of soil hydrolase decreased significantly afer fire disturbance. One year after burning, the activity of soil hydrolase did not return to the pre-fire level. According to the changes of soil hydrolase and oxidase activity in two years, the response of soil hydrolase and oxidase activity to fire are different. After overfire, the hydrolase activity decreased significantly while the oxidase activity was not affected after fire disturbance.Fire disturbance can promote the regeneration of herbaceous community in Guerbantungott desert. After overfire, species diversity in herbaceous layer decreased and species distribution uniformity decreased, which may be related to patch distribution caused by fire disterbance. After overheating, the biomass of herbaceous layer increased significantly. The population density of Alyssum linifolium increased 3.97 times after fire disturbance. The density of Carex physodes increased 2.44 times. While Ceratocarpus arenarius and Hyalea pulchella decreased by 0.75, 1.15 times respectively after overheating. The population density of Erodium oxyrrhynchum and Schismus arabicus did not change significantly after overfire. The renewal of species density has no significant relationship with the life form of species.The effects of fire disturbance on individual species in herbaceous layer of Guerbantungott desert are different. The population density, individual plant height, crown width and biomass of Erodium oxyrrhynchum increased significantly after overfire. The population density of Alyssum linifolium increased significantly after fire disturbance, and the plant height, crown width and biomass decreased significantly at single plant level.In conclusion, the above-ground vegetation and underground soil system in Guerbantungott Desert were significantly affected by fire disturbance. The results of the study provide a strong reference basis for the ecological impact of fire disturbance in the region and theoretical support for the conservation of the desert ecosystem. |
| 中文关键词 | 火烧 ; 古尔班通古特沙漠 ; 土壤养分 ; 酶活性 ; 植物群落 |
| 英文关键词 | Fire disturbance Guerbantungott Desert Soil nutrient Enzymes activity Plant communities |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 植物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288156 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 林亚军. 火烧对古尔班通古特沙漠土壤养分及植物群落特征的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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